Question | Answer |
Name the Phyla of Platyzoa | Gastrotricha;
Rotifera;
Platyhelminthes |
Name the Phyla of Lophotrochozoa | Bryozoa;
Annelida;
Brachiopoda;
Mollusca |
Name the Phyla of Ecdysozoa | Arthropoda;
Nematoda;
Tardigrada |
Name the Sub-Phyla of Arthropoda | Myriapoda;
Chelicerata;
Trilobita (extinct);
Crustacea |
Common characteristics of Lophotrochozoa | Euceolomates;
Bilateral symmetry;
Protosomes |
What is a LOPOPHORE? | Horseshoe shaped crown of ciliated tentacles surrounding the mouth of the larvae. |
What is a TROCHOPHORE? | 2 bands of cilia around the middle of the larval body. |
Name the Classes of Platyhelminthes | Turbellida;
Cestoda;
Trematoda |
Name the Classes of Annelida | Oligochaeta;
Hirudinea;
Polychaeta |
Name the Classes of Mollusca | Bivalvia;
Gastropoda;
Cephalapoda |
What are the short chitin bristles in Annelids that allow for grip and motion? | Setae |
What organs of Annelids facilitate the removal of waste from the blood and the coelom from the segment before it? | Nephridia |
Do Annelids have a complete or an incomplete gut? | complete |
In Phylum Annelida, which class does this describe?
Parapodia, many setae, no clitellum, well developed head with elaborate sensory structures or appendages | Class Polychaeta |
In Phylum Annelida, which class does this best describe?
No parapodia, few setae, clitellum, reduced head | Class Oligochaeta |
In Phylum Annelida, which class does this best describe?
No parapodia, no setae, clitellum, reduced segmentation, anterior & posterior suckers, parasitic fluid feeder | Class Hirudinea |
Name and define the synapomorphy of Phylum Bryozoa. | ZOECIUM - secreted chitionous chamber that the animal can retract into |
What animals make up Class Polyplacaphoa? | Chitons |
Name the common characteristics of Class Polyplacaphoa | Flattened body;
8 dorsal plates;
Reduced head;
Radula |
Name the common characteristics of Class Bivalvia | Loss of bilateral symmetry as they mature;
Shell with 2 halves;
Reduced cephalization;
No radula |
Name the common characteristics of Class Gastropoda | Assymetrical;
Single shell;
Well-developed head;
Radula;
Coiling of the shell;
Torsion |
Define the TORSION found in Class Gastropoda | The mantle cavity and anus are moved to the anterior together. |
Name the common characteristics of Class Cephalapoda | Active predators;
Suckers on tentacles;
Gills used only for respiration (not feeding);
Closed circulatory system;
Well developed head;
Radula;
Shell often reduced or absent |
Define CHROMATOPHORES | Epithelial cells in cephalapods that, under nervous system control, can change the color of the animal's body. |
Define HEMOCOEL | Cavity in which the blood (HEMOLYMPH) flows that surrounds the organs and tissues. |
Kidney-like organs inside mollusks that open into the coelom and exits into the mantle cavity. | METANEPHRIDIA |
Name the synapomorphy of all Ecdysozoans | ECDYSIS |
What are the 3 steps in the process of ECDYSIS? | 1) new exoskeleton forms;
2) loss of old exoskeleton;
3) new exoskeleton hardens |
Do nematodes have longitudinal muscles, circular muscles, or both? | Longitudinal only |
Do nematodes have ventral nerve cords, dorsal nerve cords, or both? | Both |
Do nematodes have a complete or incomplete gut? | Complete |
What is unique about the sperm of nematodes? | The sperm have no flagellum or acrosome. |
Define SPIRACLES | Air pores that can open and close to prevent dehydration. |
Do arthropods have an open or closed circulatory system? | Open |
Do echinoderms have an open or closed circulatory system? | Neither. They have a water vascular system. |
Name the common characteristics of arthropods | Segmented bodies;
Jointed appendages;
Reduced coelom (HEMOCOEL);
Chitinous exoskeleton;
Compound eyes |
Which Sub-Phylum of Arthropods possess biramous appendages and two pairs of antennae? | Crustaceans |
Which Sub-phylum of Arthropods possess chelicerae and 4 pairs of uniramous legs? | Chelicerata |
Which Class in Phylum Myriapoda has 1 pair of legs on each segment? | Chilopoda (centipedes) |
Are millipedes (Diplopoda) carnivores, herbivores, omnivores, or detritivores? | Detritivores |
Name the 7 major Orders of Hexapoda | Odonata;
Orthoptera;
Hemiptera;
Lepidoptera;
Diptera;
Coleoptera;
Hymenoptera |
Which Order of Hexapoda means "toothed"? | Odonata |
Which Order of Hexapoda means "straight wing"? | Orthoptera |
Which Order of Hexapoda means "half wing"? | Hemiptera |
Which Order of Hexapoda means "scale wing"? | Lepidoptera |
Which Order of Hexapoda means "two wing"? | Diptera |
Which Order of Hexapoda means "sheathed wing"? | Coleoptera |
Which Order of Hexapoda means "membrane wing"? | Hymenoptera |
Which Order of Hexapoda do grasshoppers and crickets belong to? | Orthoptera |
Which Order of Hexapoda do flies belong to? | Diptera |
Which Order of Hexapoda do ants, bees and wasps belong to? | Hymenoptera |
Which Order of Hexapoda do dragonflies belong to? | Odonata |
Which Order of Hexapoda do butterflies belong to? | Lepidoptera |
Which Order of Hexapoda do cicadas belong to? | Hemiptera |
What type of organ is the TYMPANUM? | Insect hearing organ |
Define HEMIMETABOLIS | An "incomplete metamorphosis" in which an insect's eggs hatch into nymphs foregoing the larval and pupa stages. |
Define HOLOMETABOLIS | A "complete metamorphosis" in which the insect's eggs hatch into larva, grow, and then form a pupa in which they change completely into the adult. |
What are the advantages of insects undergoing HOLOMETABOLIS as opposed to HEMIMETABOLIS? | Reduced competition with adults, and they are more specialized in each different body type. |
What are the synapomorphies of Deuterosomes? | Radial cleavage;
Indeterminate cells;
Anus develops from the BLASTOPORE |
What are the synapomorphies of Protosomes? | Spiral cleavage;
Mouth develops from the BLASTOPORE;
Mesoderm develops independently of the endoderm and ectoderm. |
Define STATOCYSTS | Sensory neural organs responsible for balance. |
Define AURICLES | Vibration sensory organs |
Define RHEORECEPTORS | Tactile sensory organs that sense the direction of currents |
What is the only Phylum in Clade Platyzoa that is not an acoelomate, and what are they? | Rotifers; psuedocoelomates |
Do the animals of Phylum Platyhelminthes have a complete gut or an incomplete gut? | Incomplete. |
Which Class of Phylum Platyhelminthes is not parasitic? | Turbellaria (planarians) |
What are FLAME CELLS? | (protonephridia/primitive kidneys) Ciliated bulb-like cells that use water to excrete waste |
What structure sets Rotifers apart from Gastrotrichs, and what is it? | The CORONA - rotating ciliated crown, used for suspension feeding. |