Question | Answer |
Haploid Cell | A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n) |
Diploid Cell | A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n), one set inherited from each parent.
*Di means 2* |
Gamete Cell | A haploid egg or sperm cell |
Somatic Cell | Normal body cell |
Tetrad | A pair of homologous chromosomes that have replicated and come together through synapsis in prophase I of meiosis;
consists of four chromatids. |
Homologous Chromosomes | Chromosome pairs of the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding locations.
One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism's father, the other from the mother. |
Spermatogenesis | The continuous and prolific production of mature sperm cells in the testes. |
Oogenesis | The process in the ovary that results in the production of female gametes. |
What phase does crossing over occur? | Prophase I |
Why is crossing over important? | It results in genetically new chromatids
*Driving force of evolution |
Which phase is called a reduction division because genetic information is halved? | Anaphase I |
Is Meiosis I or Meiosis II like the stages in mitosis? | Meiosis II |
Does Meiosis or Mitosis produce genetically identical offspring? | Mitosis |
What phase do sister chromatids separate? | Anaphase II |
What stage do homologous chromosomes line up in the middle? | Metaphase I |
Dominance & Recessiveness, Segregation, and Independent Assortment are 3 principles developed by whom? | Gregor Mendel |
What is meant by the P1 Generation? | Parental Generation |
What does F1 stand for? | First filial generation aka
Offspring of the parental (P1) generation |
What is F2? | Second filial generation
Offspring of F1 generation |
Cross-pollination | when different types of plants are crossed |
Dominant | In a heterozygote, the allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype
Capital letter: A |
Recessive | In a heterozygote, the allele that is completely masked or hidden in the phenotype.
lower case letter:a |
Homozygous | Having two identical alleles for a given trait.
ex. AA or aa |
Heterozygous | Having two different alleles for a given trait
ex. Aa |
Phenotype | The physical characteristic that develops as a result of a genotype. |
Genotype | The genetic makeup of an organism. |
Monohybrid | When only 1 trait is crossed |
Dihybrid | When 2 traits are crossed at the same time |
Genes | Segments of DNA responsible for a certain trait |
Alleles | Each possibility for a gene, we use capital and lower case letters
ex. Tt |
Test Cross | filling out a Punnett square to try and determine the genes of the parent |
Pure | always produced offspring with the same characteristic
TT or tt |
What is a diploid zygote? | The result of fertilization of a sperm and egg cell |
One cat carries heterozygous, long-haired traits (Ss), and its mate carries homozygous short-haired traits (ss). Use a Punnett square to determine the probability of one of their offspring having long hair. | 50% |
One flower is heterozygous red (Rr) and it is crossed with a homozygous white (rr) plant. Use a Punnett square to determine the probability of one of their offspring having a red color. | 50% |
One flower is heterozygous red (Rr) and it is crossed with a homozygous white (rr) plant. Use a Punnett square to determine the probability of one of their offspring having a white color. | 50% |
One cat carries heterozygous, long-haired traits (Ss), and its mate carries homozygous short-haired traits (ss). Use a Punnett square to determine the probability of one of their offspring having short hair. | 50% |
In a certain species of pine trees, short needles (S) are dominant to long needles (s). According to the Punnett square, what is the probability of an offspring having long needles? | 50% |
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