| Term | Definition |
| HOMEOSTASIS | Cell’s ability to maintain stable (balanced) internal conditions
i.e., Our body will sweat to maintain a stable body temperature |
| PASSIVE TRANSPORT | Movement from HIGH to LOW concentration
WITHOUT use of energy |
| DIFFUSION | Passive Transport
EQUALLY distributed either side of membrane |
| OSMOSIS | Passive Transport
DILUTED coming through membrane |
| ACTIVE TRANSPORT | Movement from LOW to HIGH concentration;
REQUIRES use of energy |
| ENDOCYTOSIS | Active Transport
BRINGS material into the cell |
| EXOCYTOSIS | Active Transport
Occurs when material EXITS from the cell |
| PHOTOSYNTHESIS | Chemical process in the chloroplasts
Light converts carbon dioxide (CO2) and water into carbohydrates releasing oxygen
6CO2 + 6H20 + Light Energy YIELDS C6H12O6 + 6O2 |
| CELLULAR RESPIRATION | Aerobic Process in the mitochondria
Uses oxygen to break down glucose into usable energy
Reverse of photosynthesis
C6H12O6 + 6O2 Yields 6CO2 + 6H20 |
| FERMENTATION | Anaerobic process
Some cells obtain energy without oxygen
i.e., Muscles carry out “lactic acid” fermentation |
| BINARY FISSION | ASEXUAL Reproduction
Occurs in Prokaryotic (bacteria) Cells
SINGLE (bacteria) cell splits to form 2 cells |
| MITOSIS | ASEXUAL Reproduction
Occurs in Eukaryotic Cells
Nucleus copies its chromosomes
Cell division process for ALL cells EXCEPT sex cells |
| MEIOSIS | SEXUAL Reproduction
Occurs in Eukaryotic Cells
Sex cells divide in half (allowing for genetic variation)
Produces sperm and eggs for sexual reproduction |
| PATHOGENS | Disease causing agents
i.e., Bacteria; Virus |
| BACTERIA | Unicellular micro- organisms
Free Living organisms or parasites that is a disease causing agent
i.e., ear or bladder infections |
| VIRUS | Infects Living Cells and Needs Host to Reproduce
It is a disease causing agent that uses Cell Parts to copy itself to reproduce
i.e., Flu; Swine Flu; H1N1 Virus |
| ANTIBIOTICS | Powerful medicines
Used by the body to fight bacterial infections
(i.e., ear or bladder infection) |
| VACCINES | Prepared from killed or weakened pathogens
Used to produce acquired immunity (i.e., flu shot) |
| ANTIBODY (ANTIBODIES) | Used by body to destroy pathogens (disease causing agents)
Form to produce immunity |
| IMMUNITY | May be inherited, acquired, or induced
Helps body to resist specific pathogens |
| WAYS CELLS GAIN ENERY THROUGH | Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration, Fermentation |
