Question | Answer |
What is homeostasis? | Balance within a living organism. |
Failure to maintain homoestatis may result in...? | disfunction or death. |
Homeostatis is maintained using ___________ mechanisms? | feedback |
What is a feedback mechanism? | Cycles in which the product of one reaction causes another reaction to start or stop. |
What is dynamic equilibrium? | A balanced state created by many small, opposing changes. |
What is metabolism? | The same 7 basic chemical processes occuring in living organisms. |
1. Nutrition | Using nutrients for growth, repair, and energy. |
2. Respiration | Converts energy from food into a usable form. |
3. Assimilation | Making complex chemicals from simple substances. |
4. Transportation | Distributing and absorbing materials throughout the body. |
5. Regulation | Control and coordination of life processes. |
6. Excretion | Removing of wastes. |
7. Reproduction | Passing on genes to offspring. |
What are inorganic chemicals? | Simple compounds such as water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen. |
Water (H2O) | Most common substance in all living things; needed to perform chemical reactions and transportation through the body. |
Oxygen (O2) | Needed by most organisms for respiration; released by plants during photosynthesis. |
Aerobic respiration | Uses oxygen to gett energy from glucose (sugar); gives more energy to complex organisms (ex. humans). |
Anerobic respiration | Does not use oxygen to get energy from glucose (sugar); gives less energy and is used by simple organisms (ex. bacteria). |
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) | Taken in by plants to make glucose (energy). Also a waste product of aerobic respiration. |
Nitrogen (N2) | Most common gas in air (70%). Needed to make proteins. |
What are organic compounds? | Larger more complex compounds such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins made from simpler substances. |
Carbohydrates | Simple and complex sugars used by the body for energy. |
Lipids | Fats and oils used for energy storage and cell building. |
Proteins | Most plentiful compounds in the body; used to carry out all body activities. |
What are examples of proteins? | Hormones and neurotransmitters, cell receptors, antibodies, and enzymes. |
What is a cell? | Basic units of the body that control biological processes. |
Cell Theory #1 | All living things are made of cells. Unicellular or multicellular. |
Cell Theory #2 | Cells are the basic units needed to carry on life processes. |
Cell Theory #3 | All cells come from pre-existing cells. |
Cell organelles | The 8 smaller components that make up a cell. |
1. Nucleus | Controls the cell and contains hereditary material (DNA). |
2. Cytoplasm | Fluid in the cell made mostly of water; helps transport materials. |
3. Mitochondria | Gives the cell energy; chemical respiration. |
4. Ribosomes | Makes proteins from amino acids. |
5. Vacuole | Stores food, water, and waste. |
6. Cell membrane | Controls what enters and leaves cell; protects interior of cell. |
7. Chloroplasts (plant cells only) | Carries out photosynthesis. |
8. Cell wall (non-animal cells only) | Provides shape, structure, and protection. |
Nutrition | Taking in nutrients (food) for energy, growth, and repair. |
Ingestion | Eating of food. |
Digestion | Mechanical or chemical breakdown of food so nutrients can be absorbed into the body. |
Autotrophic nutrition (self feeding) | Organisms that take in raw materials and convert them into nutrients (ex. photosynthesis in plants). |
Heterotrophic nutrition | Other feeding. Organisms who ingest nutrients made by other organisms. (ex. humans and all animals). |
A single fertilized cell is a...? | Zygote |
Humans grow as a result of cell division called...? | Mitosis |