Term | Definition |
Protein Synthesis | The creation or process of generating new proteins. |
Polar Bodies | In females, out of the four gamete cells in meiosis, only one is used. The other three unused eggs are called polar bodies. |
Meiosis | The formation of gametes. The 46 chromosomes are cut in half to 23. This produces sex cells. |
Mitosis | The process by which the nucleus of a cell is divided into 2 identical parts. (46 chromosomes) |
Nucleolus | Can be up to 4 in a nucleus. It is the site of rRNA synthesis, and then it joins with proteins. |
Golgi Apparatus | Stacks of curved, membrane-bound sacs. It's function is to receive, modify, package, and distribute proteins and lipids coming from the E.R. |
Transcription | The copying of RNA |
Translation | The creation of the proteins. |
Cilia | Project from the surface of the cell. Can range from 1 to thousands per cell. |
Prophase | Longest phase of Mitosis. The chromatin become condensed and exist as chromosomes. Centrioles separate and spindle fibers form. The nuclear envelope breaks down. |
Cytokinesis | Division of the cytoplasm. Cell division is now complete. |
Anaphase | Centromere that joins sister chromatids split. Chromatids now separate and move to opposite ends of the cell. |
Flagella | Structure is similar to cilia, but longer. Usually one per cell. In humans, it is only found on sperm cells. |
tRNA | Transfers amino acids to the ribosomes, to help make the proteins. |
mRNA | Makes a copy of the instructions. |
Ribosomes | Where proteins are produced. Free ribosomes are unattached, while some are attached to the E.R. |
Gametes | A male or female sex cell. |
Plasma Membrane | The membrane of lipids or proteins that form either the outer edge of the cytoplasm of a cell, or the membrane that encloses a vacuole. Regulates what enters and leaves the cell. |
Hypotonic | Lower concentration of solutes. (Higher water concentration) |
Hypertonic | Solution with higher concentration of solutes, and therefore a lower concentration of water. |
Isotonic | Concentration of solutes and water is equal. |
Proteins | Chains of Amino Acids. Created in the ribosomes. The code for making proteins is found in DNA. |