Question | Answer |
Cell Cycle | The regular pattern of growth, DNA duplication, and cell division that occurs in eukaryotic cells. |
Mitosis | the division of the nucleus and its contents |
Cytokinesis | the process that divides the cell cytoplasm |
Chromosome | one long continuous thread of DNA that consists of numerous genes along with regulatory information |
Histones | each of your chromosomes is associated with a group of proteins |
Chromatin | the loose combination of DNA and proteins is called chromatin |
Chromatid | one half of a duplicated chromosome |
centromere | a region of the condensed chromosome that looks pinched |
Somatic Cells | also called body cells, make up most of your body tissues and organs. |
Gametes | Sex cells-- ova, or eggs, in the female, and spermatozoa, or sperm cells in the male |
homologous chromosomes | are two chromosomes that have the same length and general appearance. |
autosomes | chromosomes that contain genes for characteristics not directly related to the sex of an organism |
sex chromosomes | chromosomes that directly control the development of sexual characteristics. |
sexual reproduction | involves the fusion of two gametes that result in offspring that are a genetic mixture of both parents |
fertilization | when the nuclei of the egg and sperm cell fuse to form one nucleus |
diploid | a cell has two copies of each chromosome |
Haploid | means that a cell has only one copy of each chromosome |
Meiosis | a form of nuclear division that divides a diploid cell into haploid cells. |
Gametogenesis | the production of gametes |
sperm | the male gamete |
egg | the female gamete |
polar bodies | cells with little more than DNA that are eventually broken down |
bacteriophage | takes over a bacterium's genetic machinery and directs it to make more viruses |
nucleotides | the monomers of DNA |
DOUBLE HELIX | two strands of DNA that wind around each other like a twisted ladder. |
base pairing rule | T = A, G = C |
replication | the process by which DNA is copied during the cell cycle |
DNA polymerases | enzymes that form bonds between nucleotides during relication |