Term | Definition |
Mitochondria | eukaryotic
double membrane (outer - smooth; inner - rough)
have own DNA - used to be independent
Function: powerhouse of the cell - converts energy from food molecules to usable from (aTP)
endosymbiosis |
Centrioles | animal
come in pairs
9 + 2 arrangement
Function: assist in cell division |
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum | eukaryotic
doesn't have attached ribosomes
hollow - basically all membrane
Function: produces lipids for the cell and transports them
detoxifies poisons |
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum | eukaryotic
has attached ribosomes
hollow
Function: ribosomes manufacture, makes, stores, transports, proteins for the cell |
Lysosome | eukaryotic
digestive enzyme
pouches of membrane
Function: break down stuff that should be in the cell
eventually, breaks down the entire cell (autolysis - self-destruction) |
Golgi Body | eukaryotic
folded network of membrane
stack of pancakes (flattened)
ER is more extensive and is attached to the nucleus
Function: receives, modifies, and labels proteins, then sends them to their final destinations |
Nucleus | eukaryotic
in most cells it is the biggest organelle
surrounded by nuclear membrane/envelope
Function: "control center" - stores DNA (code for the entire cell) |
Nucleolus | eukaryotic
found inside cell's nucleus
dense area inside the nucleus
Function: makes ribosomes |
Chromatin | eukaryotic
Loose DNA - can be in a line if organized, but is sort of crumpled together
Function: stores genetic information |
Ribosome | all cells
smalles organelle
either attached to rough ER or can float freely
Function: makes proteins |
Cell Membrane | all cells
outer boundary of cell
mostly made of lipids
also known as plasma membrane and cell envelope
composed of phospholipids
Function: controls entry and exit from the cell
defines the shape of the cell |
Chloroplast | plants
green - pigment: chlorophyll
have own DNA
Function: Photosynthesis |
Nuclear Membrane | eukaryotic
outer part of the nucleus
Function: protects the nucleus |
Vacuoles | stores excess water, food, etc. |
Cytoplasm | Jelly-like fluid inside cell |
Cytoskeleton | includes microfilaments and microtubulules; supports the shape of the cell, involved in cell motility |
Nucleoid | region that contains the genetic information |
Robert Hooke | saw cork cell walls, not actual cells
named cells after monk bedrooms |
Anton van Leeuwenhoek | Invented compound microscope
saw unicellular organisms in pond water |
Schleiden | says all plants are made of cells |
Schwann | says all animals are made of cells |
Virchow | says all organisms are made of cells
says all cells come from other cells |
Prokaryotic | archaebacteria, eubacteria
older/simpler
no nucleus
only non-membrane bound organelles
smaller |
Eukaryotic | plants, animals, fungi, protists
younger/more complex
nucleus
only membrane bound organelles
bigger |
Plant Cell | chloroplast, vacuole, ribosome, mitochondria, DNA, endoplasmic reticulum, cell wall, golgi apparatus |
Animal Cell | vacuole, vacuole, ribosome, mitochondria, DNA, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus |
Bacteria Cell | ribosome, DNA, cell wall |