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Organelles Quiz
Biology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mitochondria | eukaryotic double membrane (outer - smooth; inner - rough) have own DNA - used to be independent Function: powerhouse of the cell - converts energy from food molecules to usable from (aTP) endosymbiosis |
| Centrioles | animal come in pairs 9 + 2 arrangement Function: assist in cell division |
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum | eukaryotic doesn't have attached ribosomes hollow - basically all membrane Function: produces lipids for the cell and transports them detoxifies poisons |
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum | eukaryotic has attached ribosomes hollow Function: ribosomes manufacture, makes, stores, transports, proteins for the cell |
| Lysosome | eukaryotic digestive enzyme pouches of membrane Function: break down stuff that should be in the cell eventually, breaks down the entire cell (autolysis - self-destruction) |
| Golgi Body | eukaryotic folded network of membrane stack of pancakes (flattened) ER is more extensive and is attached to the nucleus Function: receives, modifies, and labels proteins, then sends them to their final destinations |
| Nucleus | eukaryotic in most cells it is the biggest organelle surrounded by nuclear membrane/envelope Function: "control center" - stores DNA (code for the entire cell) |
| Nucleolus | eukaryotic found inside cell's nucleus dense area inside the nucleus Function: makes ribosomes |
| Chromatin | eukaryotic Loose DNA - can be in a line if organized, but is sort of crumpled together Function: stores genetic information |
| Ribosome | all cells smalles organelle either attached to rough ER or can float freely Function: makes proteins |
| Cell Membrane | all cells outer boundary of cell mostly made of lipids also known as plasma membrane and cell envelope composed of phospholipids Function: controls entry and exit from the cell defines the shape of the cell |
| Chloroplast | plants green - pigment: chlorophyll have own DNA Function: Photosynthesis |
| Nuclear Membrane | eukaryotic outer part of the nucleus Function: protects the nucleus |
| Vacuoles | stores excess water, food, etc. |
| Cytoplasm | Jelly-like fluid inside cell |
| Cytoskeleton | includes microfilaments and microtubulules; supports the shape of the cell, involved in cell motility |
| Nucleoid | region that contains the genetic information |
| Robert Hooke | saw cork cell walls, not actual cells named cells after monk bedrooms |
| Anton van Leeuwenhoek | Invented compound microscope saw unicellular organisms in pond water |
| Schleiden | says all plants are made of cells |
| Schwann | says all animals are made of cells |
| Virchow | says all organisms are made of cells says all cells come from other cells |
| Prokaryotic | archaebacteria, eubacteria older/simpler no nucleus only non-membrane bound organelles smaller |
| Eukaryotic | plants, animals, fungi, protists younger/more complex nucleus only membrane bound organelles bigger |
| Plant Cell | chloroplast, vacuole, ribosome, mitochondria, DNA, endoplasmic reticulum, cell wall, golgi apparatus |
| Animal Cell | vacuole, vacuole, ribosome, mitochondria, DNA, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus |
| Bacteria Cell | ribosome, DNA, cell wall |
Created by:
musen2015
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