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Organelles Quiz

Biology

TermDefinition
Mitochondria eukaryotic double membrane (outer - smooth; inner - rough) have own DNA - used to be independent Function: powerhouse of the cell - converts energy from food molecules to usable from (aTP) endosymbiosis
Centrioles animal come in pairs 9 + 2 arrangement Function: assist in cell division
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum eukaryotic doesn't have attached ribosomes hollow - basically all membrane Function: produces lipids for the cell and transports them detoxifies poisons
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum eukaryotic has attached ribosomes hollow Function: ribosomes manufacture, makes, stores, transports, proteins for the cell
Lysosome eukaryotic digestive enzyme pouches of membrane Function: break down stuff that should be in the cell eventually, breaks down the entire cell (autolysis - self-destruction)
Golgi Body eukaryotic folded network of membrane stack of pancakes (flattened) ER is more extensive and is attached to the nucleus Function: receives, modifies, and labels proteins, then sends them to their final destinations
Nucleus eukaryotic in most cells it is the biggest organelle surrounded by nuclear membrane/envelope Function: "control center" - stores DNA (code for the entire cell)
Nucleolus eukaryotic found inside cell's nucleus dense area inside the nucleus Function: makes ribosomes
Chromatin eukaryotic Loose DNA - can be in a line if organized, but is sort of crumpled together Function: stores genetic information
Ribosome all cells smalles organelle either attached to rough ER or can float freely Function: makes proteins
Cell Membrane all cells outer boundary of cell mostly made of lipids also known as plasma membrane and cell envelope composed of phospholipids Function: controls entry and exit from the cell defines the shape of the cell
Chloroplast plants green - pigment: chlorophyll have own DNA Function: Photosynthesis
Nuclear Membrane eukaryotic outer part of the nucleus Function: protects the nucleus
Vacuoles stores excess water, food, etc.
Cytoplasm Jelly-like fluid inside cell
Cytoskeleton includes microfilaments and microtubulules; supports the shape of the cell, involved in cell motility
Nucleoid region that contains the genetic information
Robert Hooke saw cork cell walls, not actual cells named cells after monk bedrooms
Anton van Leeuwenhoek Invented compound microscope saw unicellular organisms in pond water
Schleiden says all plants are made of cells
Schwann says all animals are made of cells
Virchow says all organisms are made of cells says all cells come from other cells
Prokaryotic archaebacteria, eubacteria older/simpler no nucleus only non-membrane bound organelles smaller
Eukaryotic plants, animals, fungi, protists younger/more complex nucleus only membrane bound organelles bigger
Plant Cell chloroplast, vacuole, ribosome, mitochondria, DNA, endoplasmic reticulum, cell wall, golgi apparatus
Animal Cell vacuole, vacuole, ribosome, mitochondria, DNA, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus
Bacteria Cell ribosome, DNA, cell wall
Created by: musen2015
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