Question | Answer | | |
Dispersion types (Liquid) | In solid: cheese
Solid Emulsion | In liquid: Milk
Emulsion | In: gas: Fog, cloud
Liquid aerosol |
Dispersion types (Gas) | In solid: Marshmallow
Solid foam | In liquid:Whipped Cream
Foam | N/A |
Colloidal dispersions | Micelles, Liposome, microemulsion, nano/microparticle, nano crystal, biopharmaceuticals | | |
Coarse dispersions | Suspensions,emulsions, foam, some aerosol | | |
Suspension | insoluble particles dispersed in liquid medium | Antibiotics, Antacids, radiopague, topical | |
Advantages of suspensions | better chemical stability than solution, increased delivery rate than solid, allows liquid dosing of unpalitability | | |
Disadvantages of suspensions | don't really uniformly disperse, agglomerate(aggregate to cluster), particles settle, cake up | Dosage accuracy problems, homogeneity problems, stability problems, compliance problems | |
Increased surface area | Increased interfacial energy, not thermo stable | | |
Homogeneity | dose consistency and evenness | | |
Viscosity | pour readily, spread easily on skin or easily go through a syringe | | |
Settlement | Should settle slowly and easily reversable | | |
Particle size | Should remain constant | | |
Electric Properties of Interfaces | Particles dispersed in liquids may become charged | | |
Electric Double Layers | 1st: tightly bound layer
2nd: Diffuse | | |
Tightly bound layer | dense layer of counter ions strongly attached to the surface (rigid layer) | | |
Diffuse layer | A diffuse layer of counter ions trying to approach the particle (shear plane) | | |
Nernst potential | Electric potential at a solid's surface | Drops rapidly across tightly bound layer
More gradually across the diffuse layer | |
Electro-kinetic(zeta) potential | Potential located at the shear plane can be +, 0, or - | Magnitude of zeta potential has implication for the stability of dispersed system | related to ionic environment of the liquid phase |
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Dispersed System(dispersion) | Continuous media:external phase, vehicle, media
Dispersed phase: internal phase, matter dispersed | | |
Dispersion types(Solid) | In solid: pearls
solid solution | In liquid: Jelly
gel | In gas: Smoke
Solid aerosol |