Term | Definition |
Structures | parts of living things; each has their own function |
Functions | the role that a structure plays in keeping a living thing alive |
Systems | structures that work together to perform a function |
Tissues | a group of specialized cells that perform a specific function |
Organelles | a structure within the cell that carries out a specific fimction |
Organ | a body structure made of different kinds of tissues combined to perform a specific function |
Digestion | the process that breaks down large food molecules into simpler molecules that the organism can use |
Respiration | the process by which the chemical bond energy stored in nutrients is released for use in cells |
Reproduction | the process by which organisms produce new organisms of the same type |
Circulation | the flow of materials within a cell as well as between parts of a multicellular organism |
Excretion | the removal of all the wastes produced by the cells of the body |
Membrane | the thin boundary between a structure and its environment |
Molecules | atoms that are held together by bonds |
Chemical signals | molecules that move from sender to receiver to communicate information |
Diffusion | the movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration |
Active transport | the process by which cells use energy to transport molecules through the cell membrane from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration |
Organic | term used to describe molecules that contain both hydrogen and carbon |
Inorganic | a type of molecule that does not contain both carbon and hydrogen but can contain any other combination of elements |
Chemical reaction | a process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. |
Protein | large biological molecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues. |
Starch | a carbohydrate consisting of a large number of glucose units; produced by most green plants as an energy store |
Amino acids | any one of several building blocks of protein |
Simple sugars | the result of the digestion of starches. Gludose is a simple sugar |
Building blocks | a basic unit from which a macromolecule is built up; examples include amino acids, nucleic acids, lipids, and simple sugars |
Synthesis | to put together |
Compounds | things that are composed of two or more separate elements; an example is water, because there are two elements—H and O |
Specialized | designed for a particular purpose |
Transport | the movement of objects around a body |
Cytoplasm | the jellylike substance that is between the cell membrane and the nucleus and that contains specialized structures |
Nutrient | a substance that provides the body with the materials and energy needed to carry out the basic life of cells |
Mitochondria | pod-shaped organelles that contain enzjones used to extract energy from nutrients |
Ribosome | one of the tiny structures in the cell that is the site of protein production |
Cell membrane | the thin boundary between the cell and its environment |
Vacuole | storage sacs within the cytoplasm of a cell that may contain either wastes or use materials, such as water or food |
Nucleus | a large structure within a cell that controls the cell's metabolism and stores genetic information, including chromosomes and DNA |
Receptor | certain protein molecules in the cell membrane that can receive chemical messages from other cells |
Endocrine | the body system involved in secreting hormones directly into the circulatory system |
Hormone | a chemical produced in the endocrine glands used for cell communication |
Chemical Energy | energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds (atoms and molecules); released in a chemical reaction, often producing heat as a by product |
Chloroplasts | the green organelle that contains chlorophyll; where photos3mthesis takes place |
Chlorophyll | the molecules in chloroplasts that help convert light energy to chernical bond energy |
Solar energy | energy that comes from the sun |
Carbon dioxide | a compound molecule made of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms; produced during cell respiration and used during photosynthesis |
Water | a compound molecule made of two hydrogen atom and one oxygen atom; needed for survival by all living things |
Glucose | a simple sugar; a basic building block of starch |
Oxygen | an element or molecule produced in the photosynthesis reaction; used during cellular respiration during the Kreb’s Cycle |
Fat | a group of organic compounds made of lipids |
Bonds | a force that holds atoms together; a place where chemical energy is stored; when broken, energy is released |
Cellular respiration | the process in which nutrients are broken apart, releasing the chemical energy stored in them |
adenosine triphosphate | a compound that stores energy in cells |
Mitochondria | pod-shaped organelles that contain enzjones used to extract energy from utrients |
Biochemical processes | a chemical process that occurs in a living thing; examples include digestion, absorption, synthesis and diffusion |
Biological catalysts | a substance that can speed up the rate of a chemical reaction without being changed or used up during the reaction |
pH | a measure of whether a substance is acidic, neutral, or basic |
Temperature | a measurement of heat in an object |