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Unit 2 - Org of Life
Biological Processes, Cell Organelles, Energy Processes
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Structures | parts of living things; each has their own function |
| Functions | the role that a structure plays in keeping a living thing alive |
| Systems | structures that work together to perform a function |
| Tissues | a group of specialized cells that perform a specific function |
| Organelles | a structure within the cell that carries out a specific fimction |
| Organ | a body structure made of different kinds of tissues combined to perform a specific function |
| Digestion | the process that breaks down large food molecules into simpler molecules that the organism can use |
| Respiration | the process by which the chemical bond energy stored in nutrients is released for use in cells |
| Reproduction | the process by which organisms produce new organisms of the same type |
| Circulation | the flow of materials within a cell as well as between parts of a multicellular organism |
| Excretion | the removal of all the wastes produced by the cells of the body |
| Membrane | the thin boundary between a structure and its environment |
| Molecules | atoms that are held together by bonds |
| Chemical signals | molecules that move from sender to receiver to communicate information |
| Diffusion | the movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration |
| Active transport | the process by which cells use energy to transport molecules through the cell membrane from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration |
| Organic | term used to describe molecules that contain both hydrogen and carbon |
| Inorganic | a type of molecule that does not contain both carbon and hydrogen but can contain any other combination of elements |
| Chemical reaction | a process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. |
| Protein | large biological molecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues. |
| Starch | a carbohydrate consisting of a large number of glucose units; produced by most green plants as an energy store |
| Amino acids | any one of several building blocks of protein |
| Simple sugars | the result of the digestion of starches. Gludose is a simple sugar |
| Building blocks | a basic unit from which a macromolecule is built up; examples include amino acids, nucleic acids, lipids, and simple sugars |
| Synthesis | to put together |
| Compounds | things that are composed of two or more separate elements; an example is water, because there are two elements—H and O |
| Specialized | designed for a particular purpose |
| Transport | the movement of objects around a body |
| Cytoplasm | the jellylike substance that is between the cell membrane and the nucleus and that contains specialized structures |
| Nutrient | a substance that provides the body with the materials and energy needed to carry out the basic life of cells |
| Mitochondria | pod-shaped organelles that contain enzjones used to extract energy from nutrients |
| Ribosome | one of the tiny structures in the cell that is the site of protein production |
| Cell membrane | the thin boundary between the cell and its environment |
| Vacuole | storage sacs within the cytoplasm of a cell that may contain either wastes or use materials, such as water or food |
| Nucleus | a large structure within a cell that controls the cell's metabolism and stores genetic information, including chromosomes and DNA |
| Receptor | certain protein molecules in the cell membrane that can receive chemical messages from other cells |
| Endocrine | the body system involved in secreting hormones directly into the circulatory system |
| Hormone | a chemical produced in the endocrine glands used for cell communication |
| Chemical Energy | energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds (atoms and molecules); released in a chemical reaction, often producing heat as a by product |
| Chloroplasts | the green organelle that contains chlorophyll; where photos3mthesis takes place |
| Chlorophyll | the molecules in chloroplasts that help convert light energy to chernical bond energy |
| Solar energy | energy that comes from the sun |
| Carbon dioxide | a compound molecule made of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms; produced during cell respiration and used during photosynthesis |
| Water | a compound molecule made of two hydrogen atom and one oxygen atom; needed for survival by all living things |
| Glucose | a simple sugar; a basic building block of starch |
| Oxygen | an element or molecule produced in the photosynthesis reaction; used during cellular respiration during the Kreb’s Cycle |
| Fat | a group of organic compounds made of lipids |
| Bonds | a force that holds atoms together; a place where chemical energy is stored; when broken, energy is released |
| Cellular respiration | the process in which nutrients are broken apart, releasing the chemical energy stored in them |
| adenosine triphosphate | a compound that stores energy in cells |
| Mitochondria | pod-shaped organelles that contain enzjones used to extract energy from utrients |
| Biochemical processes | a chemical process that occurs in a living thing; examples include digestion, absorption, synthesis and diffusion |
| Biological catalysts | a substance that can speed up the rate of a chemical reaction without being changed or used up during the reaction |
| pH | a measure of whether a substance is acidic, neutral, or basic |
| Temperature | a measurement of heat in an object |
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mrcadettescience
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