Question | Answer |
What is the TCD temporal depth of the MCA and the flow direction | 30-60 mm - antegrade |
What is the TCD temporal depth of the Terminal ICA as well as the direction of flow? | 55-65 mm -bi-direct |
What is the TCD temporal depth of the ACA as well as the direction of flow? | 60-80 mm -retrograde |
What is the TCD temporal depth of the PCA as well as the direction of flow? | 60-70 mm -antegrade |
Name the possible collateral pathways of cerebrovascular systemn and describe them | cross-over: antegrade flow in ACA
ECA-ICA: retro flow in Opthalmic A
Posterior-Antrior: increased PCA flow |
Another name for cross-over pathway? | hemisphere-hemisphere |
What is the 1st branch off the ICA? | Opthalmic Artery |
Which branch of the terminal ICA is the largest | MCA |
What are common stroke symptoms? | Numbness/weakness especially unilateral face, arm , leg
confusion
double vision, temp. loss of
trouble walking/coordination/dizziness
severe HA |
What is amaurosis fugax? | temporary loss of vision in 1 eye, lack of blood flow to retina
a sign of impending stroke |
Describe drop attack. | sudden fall w/out loss of consciousness |
Symptoms associated with ICA lesion | uni-paresis
uni-paresthesia
aphasia
amaurosis fugax
sensory changes
contralateral weakness |
Symptoms associated with MCA lesion | aphasia/dysphasia
contralateral severe facial/arm hemiparesis/plegia
behavorial changes (rt)
agitated delirium (lower) |
Symptoms associated with ACA lesion | Severe leg hemiparesis/plegia
incontinence
loss of coordination |
Symptoms associated with vertebrobasilar lesion | numbness around lips/mouth
veritgo
ataxia
bil blurring/double vision
drop attack
bil. paresthesia/anesthesia
amnesia |
Symptoms associated with PCA lesion | dyslexia
coma
paralysis |
What is the sample volume size typically used in diagnostic US? | 1-1.5mm |
What forms the confluence of the portal vein? | The splenic vein and the SMV |
Location of TIPS | right portal and right hepatic |
Describe resistance of pre-prandial mesenteric vessels. | high resistance w/reverse componet |
Describe resistance of post-prandial mesenteric vessels. | low resistance w/higher diastole |
Describe Homogeneous plaque | predominately echogenic (calcification may present)
uniformly echogenic |
Describe Heterogeneous plaque | uniformly sonolucent
predominately sonolucent (calcification may be present) |
Flow resistance of the ICA | LOW |
Flow resistance of the ECA | high |
What is the best way to identify which vessel is the ECA from the ICA? | temporal tap |
How many branches does the ECA have? | 8 |
Name the branches of the ECA. | 1. Superior thyroid A
2. Ascending pharagenyal
3. linguinal
4. facial
5. occipital
6. posterior auricular
Terminal B
7. maxillary
superficial temporal |
Name the 1st branch off the ECA. | Superior thyroid artery |
Renal artery ratio that indicates stenosis? | >3.5 |
What is the most common issue w/in 24 months of an endarectomy? | Significant stenosis |
The cephalic course? (medial, lateral) | lateral |
What vessel does the brachial connect to? | axillary |
WHat does the cephalic v connect to? | axillary and becomes subclavian |