Term | Definition |
Aerobic respiration | Oxygen + glucose --> water + carbon dioxide + energy |
Carbohydrate | Energy source made from carbon, hydrogen and oxygen |
Combustion | Burning |
Glucose | C6H12O6 small carbohydrate, type of sugar |
Alveolus | A single alveoli in the lungs where gas exchange takes place |
Breathing | The movement of muscles that makes the lungs expand and contract |
Bronchus | One of two bronchi (left and right) that branch off to the left and right lung |
Cilia | Hair like structures on the surface of the cell |
Ciliated epithelial cell | Skin cell lining the tubes leading to the lungs that contain cilia |
Diaphragm | Main muscle responsible for inhalation when it contracts |
Gas exchange | Diffusion of oxygen into (21%-->18%) and carbon dioxide out of (4%-->0.04%) the blood |
Mucus | Sticky liquid produced by goblet cells to trap dust and microbes |
Trachea | Also called windpipe. Carries air to and from lungs. |
Ventilation | The movement of air in and out of your lungs |
Asthma | A condition in which the tiny tubes leading to the alveoli become narrow and start to fill with mucus |
Carbon monoxide | A poisonous gas produced by carbon burning with enough oxygen. Found in cigarette smoke. |
Emphysema | A disease in which the lungs cannot take much oxygen out of the air because the walls of the alveoli have broken down |
Heart attack | When heart muscle cells start to die |
Heart disease | A disease caused by the narrowing of the coronary artery carrying blood to the heart |
Mitochondria | Organelle of cell where respiration occurs |
Tissue fluid | Leaked plasma fluid outside the capillaries that carries oxygen and nutrients to the cells |
Gills | Flaps of tissue that have blood and water in countercurrent exchange |
Countercurrent exchange | Causing flow in opposite directions to allow maximum diffusion or transfer of energy |
Hydrocarbon indicator | A pH indicator from pink to yellow when carbon dioxide levels go above 0.04% |
Indicator | A substance that changes colour in solutions of different acidity and alkalinity |
Limewater | A solution of calcium hydroxide that turns milky in the presence of carbon dioxide |
Photosynthesis | Water + carbon dioxide + energy --> glucose + oxygen |
Stoma | Tiny holes in leaves that allow for gas exchange |
Tar | A sticky substance from cigarette smoke that contains carcinogenic substances |
Aerobic exercise | An exercise where all the energy needed can be supplied by aerobic respiration |
Anaerobic respiration | A type of respiration that does not need oxygen |
Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) | The need for extra oxygen after exercise to break down lactic acid and replace the oxygen lost from blood and muscle cells |
Oxygen debt | See EPOC |