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8C Breathing & Resp
Key words
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Aerobic respiration | Oxygen + glucose --> water + carbon dioxide + energy |
| Carbohydrate | Energy source made from carbon, hydrogen and oxygen |
| Combustion | Burning |
| Glucose | C6H12O6 small carbohydrate, type of sugar |
| Alveolus | A single alveoli in the lungs where gas exchange takes place |
| Breathing | The movement of muscles that makes the lungs expand and contract |
| Bronchus | One of two bronchi (left and right) that branch off to the left and right lung |
| Cilia | Hair like structures on the surface of the cell |
| Ciliated epithelial cell | Skin cell lining the tubes leading to the lungs that contain cilia |
| Diaphragm | Main muscle responsible for inhalation when it contracts |
| Gas exchange | Diffusion of oxygen into (21%-->18%) and carbon dioxide out of (4%-->0.04%) the blood |
| Mucus | Sticky liquid produced by goblet cells to trap dust and microbes |
| Trachea | Also called windpipe. Carries air to and from lungs. |
| Ventilation | The movement of air in and out of your lungs |
| Asthma | A condition in which the tiny tubes leading to the alveoli become narrow and start to fill with mucus |
| Carbon monoxide | A poisonous gas produced by carbon burning with enough oxygen. Found in cigarette smoke. |
| Emphysema | A disease in which the lungs cannot take much oxygen out of the air because the walls of the alveoli have broken down |
| Heart attack | When heart muscle cells start to die |
| Heart disease | A disease caused by the narrowing of the coronary artery carrying blood to the heart |
| Mitochondria | Organelle of cell where respiration occurs |
| Tissue fluid | Leaked plasma fluid outside the capillaries that carries oxygen and nutrients to the cells |
| Gills | Flaps of tissue that have blood and water in countercurrent exchange |
| Countercurrent exchange | Causing flow in opposite directions to allow maximum diffusion or transfer of energy |
| Hydrocarbon indicator | A pH indicator from pink to yellow when carbon dioxide levels go above 0.04% |
| Indicator | A substance that changes colour in solutions of different acidity and alkalinity |
| Limewater | A solution of calcium hydroxide that turns milky in the presence of carbon dioxide |
| Photosynthesis | Water + carbon dioxide + energy --> glucose + oxygen |
| Stoma | Tiny holes in leaves that allow for gas exchange |
| Tar | A sticky substance from cigarette smoke that contains carcinogenic substances |
| Aerobic exercise | An exercise where all the energy needed can be supplied by aerobic respiration |
| Anaerobic respiration | A type of respiration that does not need oxygen |
| Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) | The need for extra oxygen after exercise to break down lactic acid and replace the oxygen lost from blood and muscle cells |
| Oxygen debt | See EPOC |
Created by:
andrewweng0406
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