Term | Definition |
carboxylic acids | compounds that have hydroxyl groups attached to carbonyl groups COOH |
IUPAC system | add -oic acid to akyl root |
COOH properties | polar so H bonding, electron withdrawing, high bp, acidic cuz of resonance and electron withdrawing groups, acidic alpha Hydrogens |
Oxidation to get COOH | must be primary alcohol or aldehyde and use KMnO4 |
Grignard Reagents | Mg + ether or something organic |
Carbonation | grignard reagent and CO2 and acid and water turn tertiary alkyl halides into COOH |
Soap Formation | RCOOH + NaOH = salts/soaps that have polar head and nonpolar tail and water. |
Micelle | spherical structure of soap molecules with polar sides faced out towards water and nonpolar sides faced inward |
Nucleophilic Substitution | Nu attacks Carbon and electrons from double bond go to O, OH gets protonated to create good leaving group, water is displaced by Nu |
Reduction of COOH | use LAH; to aldehyde or primary alcohol |
Ester Formation | COOH gets protonated and then attacked by alcohol, under acidic conditions so OH to water and then deprotonate COOH |
Acyl Halide Formation | COOH + SOCl2 = COCl; very reactive |
Decarboxylation | CO2 is lost; keto carboxylic acids go thru this; it attacks itself; forms keto and enol |
-oyl | C double bond O halides |
Anhydrides | without water so 2 carboxylic acids put together (condensing/losing water) |
Amides | RCONR2 |
Hoffman Rearrangement | amides to primary amines, loss of carbon |
Esters | COOR |
Saponification | making soap with NaOH from fats |
tranesterification | transforms one ester into another |
Esters treated with Grignard Reagent | makes a tertiary OH with ketone intermediate |
Claisen Condensation | makes keto-ester |
Reduction of esters | makes primary OH's |