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Chapter 9/10 - Carboxylic Acids/COOH Derivatives
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| carboxylic acids | compounds that have hydroxyl groups attached to carbonyl groups COOH |
| IUPAC system | add -oic acid to akyl root |
| COOH properties | polar so H bonding, electron withdrawing, high bp, acidic cuz of resonance and electron withdrawing groups, acidic alpha Hydrogens |
| Oxidation to get COOH | must be primary alcohol or aldehyde and use KMnO4 |
| Grignard Reagents | Mg + ether or something organic |
| Carbonation | grignard reagent and CO2 and acid and water turn tertiary alkyl halides into COOH |
| Soap Formation | RCOOH + NaOH = salts/soaps that have polar head and nonpolar tail and water. |
| Micelle | spherical structure of soap molecules with polar sides faced out towards water and nonpolar sides faced inward |
| Nucleophilic Substitution | Nu attacks Carbon and electrons from double bond go to O, OH gets protonated to create good leaving group, water is displaced by Nu |
| Reduction of COOH | use LAH; to aldehyde or primary alcohol |
| Ester Formation | COOH gets protonated and then attacked by alcohol, under acidic conditions so OH to water and then deprotonate COOH |
| Acyl Halide Formation | COOH + SOCl2 = COCl; very reactive |
| Decarboxylation | CO2 is lost; keto carboxylic acids go thru this; it attacks itself; forms keto and enol |
| -oyl | C double bond O halides |
| Anhydrides | without water so 2 carboxylic acids put together (condensing/losing water) |
| Amides | RCONR2 |
| Hoffman Rearrangement | amides to primary amines, loss of carbon |
| Esters | COOR |
| Saponification | making soap with NaOH from fats |
| tranesterification | transforms one ester into another |
| Esters treated with Grignard Reagent | makes a tertiary OH with ketone intermediate |
| Claisen Condensation | makes keto-ester |
| Reduction of esters | makes primary OH's |
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