Question | Answer |
Parathyroid gland | secrets PTH |
Ovaries | secretes estrogen |
Testes | secretes testosterone |
Adrenal Gland | secretes epinephrine |
Pituitary Gland | secretes growth hormones |
Pancreas | secretes insulin and glucagon |
Calcitonin | lowers blood calcium levels |
Epinephrine | prepares body for emergencies |
Estrogen and Progesterone | egg and more sex-hormone production |
Insulin | lowers blood glucose levels |
Testosterone | sperm and more sex-hormone production |
TSH | controls the thyroid |
Chromosomes | separate sections of long strands of DNA, some organisms only have 16, while others may have hundreds |
Codominance | both traits are expressed without blending characteristics |
Gametes | haploid cells that unite to form diploid cells at fertilization |
Incomplete dominance | both traits are expressed with blending of characteristics |
Oogenesis | process that forms eggs for sexual reproduction |
Spermatogenesis | process that forms sperm for sexual reproduction |
Vagina | birth canal composed of cervix and this accessory organ |
Active transport | goes against the concentration gradient to cross the cell membrane |
Cytosol | watery substance inside of the cell |
Facilitated diffusion | requires a channel or carrier protein in order to cross the cell membrane |
Flagellum | whip-like structure used for movement |
Hypertonic solution | higher concentration of solutes outside the cell compared to inside |
Isotonic solution | same solution concentration inside and outside of cell |
Messenger RNA | carries the codon sequences outside the nucleus for protein synthesis |
Mitochondria | Produces energy in the cell via cellular respiration |
Nucleus | control center of the cell |
Ribosomes | where protein assembly occurs |
Amphibia | "double life" |
Annelida | segmented worm |
Anura | frogs |
Aves | birds |
Carnivora | lions, tigers, and bears (oh my) |
Crocodilia | alligators |
Marsupials | pouched mammals |
Mollusca | octopus |
Osteichthyes | fish |
Platyhelminthes | flatworm |
Proifera | sponge |
Primates | have opposable thumbs |
Proboscidea | animals with trunks |
Rodentia | gnawing animals, incisors never stop growing |
Oxytocin | hormone that stimulates uterine contractions to move the baby through the birth canal |
Progesterone | delivers sperm to the female;hormone that stimulates blood flow to the uterus to prepare a home for the developing embryo |
Endoplasmic reticulum | used for synthesizing new material and as part of the transportation system |
Golgi body | manufacturing facility that processes and packages new materials |
What type of photoreceptor allows you to see color? | cones |
Which section of the brain keeps you awake and filters information? | thalamus |
Which section of the brain has 2 hemispheres and controls your conscious activities? | cerebrum |
During which trimester is oxytocin released from the pituitary gland? | 3rd |
During which trimester is the nervous system complete and the heart is S-shaped? | 1st |
During which trimester are hair, eyelashes, and eyebrows developed and the mother can feel movement? | 2nd |
During which trimester can the baby's heartbeat be heard with a stethoscope? | 2nd |
During which trimester is the baby's face mostly developed and the baby has learned to suck? | 1st |
Which photoreceptor allows you to see light, especially low-level light? | rods |
What type of impulse is a nerve impulse? | electrochemical |
What do lacrimal glands produce? | tears |
Which type of psychotropic drug increases body activity and is usually psychologically addictive? | stimulants |
Which type of psychotropic drug causes euphoria and is physically addictive? | narcotics |
What is causing an easy and painless death to end suffering called? | euthanasia |
Before birth, where do babies get their nourishment and what supplies the nourishment? | mothe/placenta |
What is the killing of an unborn child? | abortion |
What is the surgical removal of a baby? | Cesarean section |
What is the energy currency used in the body? | ATP |
Which type of organism, autotroph or hetertroph, is a producer? | autotroph |
Which type of energy production has two types of fermentation and does NOT require oxygen? | anaerobic |
What are Biblical "kinds" based upon? | reproduction |
What do carnivores eat? | meat |
What do fish use to control their depth in the water? | swim bladder |
What is the job in nature of most bacteria? | decomposing |
Which type of tropism is the response to light? | phototropism |
What is one way to replace or add minerals to the soil? | crop rotation, fertilize, mulch |
Name one of the two men who discovered DNA in 1953. | Watson/Crick |
Write an example of homozygous alleles, like for tall plants or for green plants. | TT or gg or YY or tt |
Write and example of heterozygous alleles, like for tall plants or for green plants. | Tt or Gg or Yy |
What are small sections of DNA called that represent the instructions for a specific protein that leads to a specific trait? | genes |
What are organisms called that pass a gene on for a trait but do not have the characteristics of that gene? | carriers |
Who is known as the 'Father of Genetics'? | Mendel |
List 4 of the 7 minor senses. | Touch, taste, smell, pain, heat, cold, pressure |
What are the two components of the Central Nervous System? | Brain and spinal cord |
What determines how bad a spinal cord injury is? | The extent of the damage, location, swelling, and whether or not the cell body dies |
Why are spinal cord injuries so dangerous? | When the spinal cord gets severed, it cannot repair itself and all feeling and control is lost below the break. |
List 2 parts of the outer ear. | Auricle, external auditory canal, eardrum, (tympanic membrane) |
List 2 parts of the middle ear. | Hammer, anvil, and stirrup (malleus, incus, and stapes |
List 2 of the meninges (covering of the brain). | Dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid membrane |
Explain what happens with your olfactory receptors when you walk into and stay in a room that has a bad odor. | They become accommodated and stop sending the signal to you brain--you no longer detect the odor |
Why does a person sometimes like the taste of things as they get older that they strongly disliked when they were younger? | Taste buds are damaged or die and are not reproduced as much as you get older; fewer taste buds mean less ability to distinquish tastes |
Why do we have either good night vision or good color vision? | You have a limited number of rods and cones; more cones means better color vision but you will have fewer rods for night vision and vice versa. |
Explain how negative feedback loops work. | React to a change outside of regular ranges for homeostasis and generate an opposite response to return the body to acceptable ranges. |
List the two-fold purpose of the male reproductive system. | Make and deliver sperm |
List teh primary female reproductive organ and 2 accessory organs. | Ovaries; fallopian tubes, cervix, vagina, and breasts |
96% of births are vaginal. What part of the baby is pointed downward and serves as a wedge to open the birth canal? | Head |
What is the difference between how long men are able to reproduce and how long women are able to reproduce? | Men--from puberty until death.
Women--from puberty until menopause occurs |
Why are all cells roughly the same size, why don't they get bigger? | If a cell gets too large it cannot get enough food to sustain itself because its surface area-to-volume is too small |
List 5 phases, in order, of mitosis and meiosis. | Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
List three uses of mitosis. | repair, growth, replacement, asexual reproduction |
Explain what P1, F1, and F2 are and what Mendel learned from them. | P1--Parent generation (all tall)
F1--first generation of offspring (all tall)
F2--second generation of offspring (3/4th tall and 1/4th short) |
Explain what makes you, you. | Genetics, environment, and choices-- God also moves in each area and makes changes as needed |
What are dominant and recessive and how do they relate to each other? | Traits may be expressed or masked. Dominant traits mask recessive traits whenever both are present. Recessive traits can only be expressed if there aren't any dominant traits. |
Name the 7 levels of classification, in order. | Kingdom, Phylum, class, order, family, genus, species |
Name 2 reasons that Latin is used for scientific names. | Not used anymore, doesn't change, scientists are familiar with it |
List 2 causes of cancer. | Radiation, carcinogen, chemicals |
List 2 treatments used for cancer. | Radiation, chemicals, surgery |
Name 2 reasons the Lord may allow suffering and disease. | Sin, to reach the individual, to reach others, to bring glory to God |
Name 2 ways to reduce your risk of cancer. | Don't smoke (or use other carcinogens), use sunscreen, limit time outdoors, etc. |
What is the difference between pollination and fertilization? | Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the stamen to the pistil, fertilization is the uniting of gametes to produce a zygote. |
What are the 2 functions of roots? | Anchor, absorb nutrients, transport substances, store food |
Explain how and why leaves change color. | As the length of day shortens, the chlorophyll dies and the green pigment fades leaving the original color of the leaves to show through. |
Name 2 important uses of water for plants. | Photosynthesis, trugor pressure, hydrolysis, transport materials. |
Why do we force some plants to reproduce asexually and others to reproduce sexually? | Asexually to keep the same characteristics from generation to generation; sexually to introduce more variety |
What are the three social castes among insects? | Queen, workers, drones |
Why is animal blood red? | It contains hemoglobin, which is red |
Name the two types of feathers. | Down and Contour |
How are birds able to digest food when it hasn't been chewed? | They have a gizzard they load with rocks to grind food. |
List two types of hair that mammals have. | Guard and underhair |
List two ways that snakes capture their food. | Constriction, venom, and swallow whole |
Bonus: How many heart chambers do fish, amphibians, mammals have? | 2, 3, and 4 |
Bonus: Name the third part of the outer ear or the third part of the middle ear. | Auricle, external auditory canal, eardrum (tympanic membrane) OR Hammer, anvil, or stirrup |
Bonus: How much ATP does the average adult use in one day? | 150 kg |
Bonus: If you cross a homozygous dominant gene with a heterozygous gene, what will be the resulting ratios of phenotypes and genotypes? | Phenotype--4:0 (100/0)
Genotype--2:2 (50/50) |