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Biology Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Parathyroid gland | secrets PTH |
| Ovaries | secretes estrogen |
| Testes | secretes testosterone |
| Adrenal Gland | secretes epinephrine |
| Pituitary Gland | secretes growth hormones |
| Pancreas | secretes insulin and glucagon |
| Calcitonin | lowers blood calcium levels |
| Epinephrine | prepares body for emergencies |
| Estrogen and Progesterone | egg and more sex-hormone production |
| Insulin | lowers blood glucose levels |
| Testosterone | sperm and more sex-hormone production |
| TSH | controls the thyroid |
| Chromosomes | separate sections of long strands of DNA, some organisms only have 16, while others may have hundreds |
| Codominance | both traits are expressed without blending characteristics |
| Gametes | haploid cells that unite to form diploid cells at fertilization |
| Incomplete dominance | both traits are expressed with blending of characteristics |
| Oogenesis | process that forms eggs for sexual reproduction |
| Spermatogenesis | process that forms sperm for sexual reproduction |
| Vagina | birth canal composed of cervix and this accessory organ |
| Active transport | goes against the concentration gradient to cross the cell membrane |
| Cytosol | watery substance inside of the cell |
| Facilitated diffusion | requires a channel or carrier protein in order to cross the cell membrane |
| Flagellum | whip-like structure used for movement |
| Hypertonic solution | higher concentration of solutes outside the cell compared to inside |
| Isotonic solution | same solution concentration inside and outside of cell |
| Messenger RNA | carries the codon sequences outside the nucleus for protein synthesis |
| Mitochondria | Produces energy in the cell via cellular respiration |
| Nucleus | control center of the cell |
| Ribosomes | where protein assembly occurs |
| Amphibia | "double life" |
| Annelida | segmented worm |
| Anura | frogs |
| Aves | birds |
| Carnivora | lions, tigers, and bears (oh my) |
| Crocodilia | alligators |
| Marsupials | pouched mammals |
| Mollusca | octopus |
| Osteichthyes | fish |
| Platyhelminthes | flatworm |
| Proifera | sponge |
| Primates | have opposable thumbs |
| Proboscidea | animals with trunks |
| Rodentia | gnawing animals, incisors never stop growing |
| Oxytocin | hormone that stimulates uterine contractions to move the baby through the birth canal |
| Progesterone | delivers sperm to the female;hormone that stimulates blood flow to the uterus to prepare a home for the developing embryo |
| Endoplasmic reticulum | used for synthesizing new material and as part of the transportation system |
| Golgi body | manufacturing facility that processes and packages new materials |
| What type of photoreceptor allows you to see color? | cones |
| Which section of the brain keeps you awake and filters information? | thalamus |
| Which section of the brain has 2 hemispheres and controls your conscious activities? | cerebrum |
| During which trimester is oxytocin released from the pituitary gland? | 3rd |
| During which trimester is the nervous system complete and the heart is S-shaped? | 1st |
| During which trimester are hair, eyelashes, and eyebrows developed and the mother can feel movement? | 2nd |
| During which trimester can the baby's heartbeat be heard with a stethoscope? | 2nd |
| During which trimester is the baby's face mostly developed and the baby has learned to suck? | 1st |
| Which photoreceptor allows you to see light, especially low-level light? | rods |
| What type of impulse is a nerve impulse? | electrochemical |
| What do lacrimal glands produce? | tears |
| Which type of psychotropic drug increases body activity and is usually psychologically addictive? | stimulants |
| Which type of psychotropic drug causes euphoria and is physically addictive? | narcotics |
| What is causing an easy and painless death to end suffering called? | euthanasia |
| Before birth, where do babies get their nourishment and what supplies the nourishment? | mothe/placenta |
| What is the killing of an unborn child? | abortion |
| What is the surgical removal of a baby? | Cesarean section |
| What is the energy currency used in the body? | ATP |
| Which type of organism, autotroph or hetertroph, is a producer? | autotroph |
| Which type of energy production has two types of fermentation and does NOT require oxygen? | anaerobic |
| What are Biblical "kinds" based upon? | reproduction |
| What do carnivores eat? | meat |
| What do fish use to control their depth in the water? | swim bladder |
| What is the job in nature of most bacteria? | decomposing |
| Which type of tropism is the response to light? | phototropism |
| What is one way to replace or add minerals to the soil? | crop rotation, fertilize, mulch |
| Name one of the two men who discovered DNA in 1953. | Watson/Crick |
| Write an example of homozygous alleles, like for tall plants or for green plants. | TT or gg or YY or tt |
| Write and example of heterozygous alleles, like for tall plants or for green plants. | Tt or Gg or Yy |
| What are small sections of DNA called that represent the instructions for a specific protein that leads to a specific trait? | genes |
| What are organisms called that pass a gene on for a trait but do not have the characteristics of that gene? | carriers |
| Who is known as the 'Father of Genetics'? | Mendel |
| List 4 of the 7 minor senses. | Touch, taste, smell, pain, heat, cold, pressure |
| What are the two components of the Central Nervous System? | Brain and spinal cord |
| What determines how bad a spinal cord injury is? | The extent of the damage, location, swelling, and whether or not the cell body dies |
| Why are spinal cord injuries so dangerous? | When the spinal cord gets severed, it cannot repair itself and all feeling and control is lost below the break. |
| List 2 parts of the outer ear. | Auricle, external auditory canal, eardrum, (tympanic membrane) |
| List 2 parts of the middle ear. | Hammer, anvil, and stirrup (malleus, incus, and stapes |
| List 2 of the meninges (covering of the brain). | Dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid membrane |
| Explain what happens with your olfactory receptors when you walk into and stay in a room that has a bad odor. | They become accommodated and stop sending the signal to you brain--you no longer detect the odor |
| Why does a person sometimes like the taste of things as they get older that they strongly disliked when they were younger? | Taste buds are damaged or die and are not reproduced as much as you get older; fewer taste buds mean less ability to distinquish tastes |
| Why do we have either good night vision or good color vision? | You have a limited number of rods and cones; more cones means better color vision but you will have fewer rods for night vision and vice versa. |
| Explain how negative feedback loops work. | React to a change outside of regular ranges for homeostasis and generate an opposite response to return the body to acceptable ranges. |
| List the two-fold purpose of the male reproductive system. | Make and deliver sperm |
| List teh primary female reproductive organ and 2 accessory organs. | Ovaries; fallopian tubes, cervix, vagina, and breasts |
| 96% of births are vaginal. What part of the baby is pointed downward and serves as a wedge to open the birth canal? | Head |
| What is the difference between how long men are able to reproduce and how long women are able to reproduce? | Men--from puberty until death. Women--from puberty until menopause occurs |
| Why are all cells roughly the same size, why don't they get bigger? | If a cell gets too large it cannot get enough food to sustain itself because its surface area-to-volume is too small |
| List 5 phases, in order, of mitosis and meiosis. | Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
| List three uses of mitosis. | repair, growth, replacement, asexual reproduction |
| Explain what P1, F1, and F2 are and what Mendel learned from them. | P1--Parent generation (all tall) F1--first generation of offspring (all tall) F2--second generation of offspring (3/4th tall and 1/4th short) |
| Explain what makes you, you. | Genetics, environment, and choices-- God also moves in each area and makes changes as needed |
| What are dominant and recessive and how do they relate to each other? | Traits may be expressed or masked. Dominant traits mask recessive traits whenever both are present. Recessive traits can only be expressed if there aren't any dominant traits. |
| Name the 7 levels of classification, in order. | Kingdom, Phylum, class, order, family, genus, species |
| Name 2 reasons that Latin is used for scientific names. | Not used anymore, doesn't change, scientists are familiar with it |
| List 2 causes of cancer. | Radiation, carcinogen, chemicals |
| List 2 treatments used for cancer. | Radiation, chemicals, surgery |
| Name 2 reasons the Lord may allow suffering and disease. | Sin, to reach the individual, to reach others, to bring glory to God |
| Name 2 ways to reduce your risk of cancer. | Don't smoke (or use other carcinogens), use sunscreen, limit time outdoors, etc. |
| What is the difference between pollination and fertilization? | Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the stamen to the pistil, fertilization is the uniting of gametes to produce a zygote. |
| What are the 2 functions of roots? | Anchor, absorb nutrients, transport substances, store food |
| Explain how and why leaves change color. | As the length of day shortens, the chlorophyll dies and the green pigment fades leaving the original color of the leaves to show through. |
| Name 2 important uses of water for plants. | Photosynthesis, trugor pressure, hydrolysis, transport materials. |
| Why do we force some plants to reproduce asexually and others to reproduce sexually? | Asexually to keep the same characteristics from generation to generation; sexually to introduce more variety |
| What are the three social castes among insects? | Queen, workers, drones |
| Why is animal blood red? | It contains hemoglobin, which is red |
| Name the two types of feathers. | Down and Contour |
| How are birds able to digest food when it hasn't been chewed? | They have a gizzard they load with rocks to grind food. |
| List two types of hair that mammals have. | Guard and underhair |
| List two ways that snakes capture their food. | Constriction, venom, and swallow whole |
| Bonus: How many heart chambers do fish, amphibians, mammals have? | 2, 3, and 4 |
| Bonus: Name the third part of the outer ear or the third part of the middle ear. | Auricle, external auditory canal, eardrum (tympanic membrane) OR Hammer, anvil, or stirrup |
| Bonus: How much ATP does the average adult use in one day? | 150 kg |
| Bonus: If you cross a homozygous dominant gene with a heterozygous gene, what will be the resulting ratios of phenotypes and genotypes? | Phenotype--4:0 (100/0) Genotype--2:2 (50/50) |
Created by:
ecs9
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