Term | Definition |
Nutrient | substances in foods that provide energy and materials for cell development, growth and repair- proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals and water |
Protein | -large molecules that contain HONC
-building blocks are amino acids
-your body uses proteins for replacement and repair of body cells and for growth
-ex. eggs, milk, cheese, meat |
Amino Acid | building block of protein |
Carbohydrate | -COH
-building blocks are sugars
-provides energy for all the things you do
simple carb: sugar, fruit
complex carb: starch, fiber |
Fat (Lipids) | -COH
-building blocks are fatty acids and glycerol
-nutrients that provide and store energy
-helps your body absorb vitamins
-warmth |
Vitamin | water or fat soluable nutrient needed in small quantities for growth, preventing disease and regulating body function |
Mineral | inorganic nutrient that regulates many chemical reactions in the body
ex. calcium, phosphorus |
Water | human body is 60% water and is required for survival |
Digestion | the process that breaks down food into smaller molecules |
Mechanical Digestion | breaking down food by chewing |
Chemical Digestion | breaking down food using enzymes |
Enzyme | a type of protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body |
Mouth | mechanical and chemical digestion begin in the mouth |
Esophagus | tube that carries food |
Epiglottis | a thin flap of tissue that prevents food from going down the windpipe |
Peristalsis | waves of muscular contractions that move food through the digestive system |
Stomach | muscular bag that is the site of mechanical and chemical digestion |
Chyme | liquid product if digestion |
Small Intestine | site of chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients (food) in the bloodstream |
Villi | -tiny finger-like projections on the inner walls of the small intestines
-used for food absorption |
Large Intestine | -absorbs any water left in food that has not been digested
-passes unused waste from the body |
Urinary System | rids the blood of wastes produced by your cells |
Urine | wastewater that is excreted (leaves the body) |
Kidneys | -two bean-shaped urinary system organs
-filters blood that contains wastes collected from cells |
Bladder | an elastic, muscular organ that holds urine until it leaves the body |