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Human Body
Nutrition, Digestive and Excretory Systems
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Nutrient | substances in foods that provide energy and materials for cell development, growth and repair- proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals and water |
| Protein | -large molecules that contain HONC -building blocks are amino acids -your body uses proteins for replacement and repair of body cells and for growth -ex. eggs, milk, cheese, meat |
| Amino Acid | building block of protein |
| Carbohydrate | -COH -building blocks are sugars -provides energy for all the things you do simple carb: sugar, fruit complex carb: starch, fiber |
| Fat (Lipids) | -COH -building blocks are fatty acids and glycerol -nutrients that provide and store energy -helps your body absorb vitamins -warmth |
| Vitamin | water or fat soluable nutrient needed in small quantities for growth, preventing disease and regulating body function |
| Mineral | inorganic nutrient that regulates many chemical reactions in the body ex. calcium, phosphorus |
| Water | human body is 60% water and is required for survival |
| Digestion | the process that breaks down food into smaller molecules |
| Mechanical Digestion | breaking down food by chewing |
| Chemical Digestion | breaking down food using enzymes |
| Enzyme | a type of protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body |
| Mouth | mechanical and chemical digestion begin in the mouth |
| Esophagus | tube that carries food |
| Epiglottis | a thin flap of tissue that prevents food from going down the windpipe |
| Peristalsis | waves of muscular contractions that move food through the digestive system |
| Stomach | muscular bag that is the site of mechanical and chemical digestion |
| Chyme | liquid product if digestion |
| Small Intestine | site of chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients (food) in the bloodstream |
| Villi | -tiny finger-like projections on the inner walls of the small intestines -used for food absorption |
| Large Intestine | -absorbs any water left in food that has not been digested -passes unused waste from the body |
| Urinary System | rids the blood of wastes produced by your cells |
| Urine | wastewater that is excreted (leaves the body) |
| Kidneys | -two bean-shaped urinary system organs -filters blood that contains wastes collected from cells |
| Bladder | an elastic, muscular organ that holds urine until it leaves the body |
Created by:
cneeson
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