Term | Definition |
First generation relative increases risk over 20 times | MS |
Demyelinating disease of the CNS | MS |
Mainly affects white matter | MS |
Most common nontraumatic cause of neurological disability in young adults | MS |
Cause is unknown | MS, GBS |
Possibly due to an abnormal immune response | MS |
Most common in cooler northern climates | MS |
Smoking is a risk factor | MS |
One symptom is spasticity | MS |
Fatigue may be made worse by hot temperatures | MS |
May have problems with memory | MS |
McDonald's criteria used for diagnosis; gold standard for diagnosis | MS |
Has different clinical patterns | MS |
Relapsing-remitting is the most common clinical pattern | MS |
Acute idiopathic polyneuritis | GBS |
Affects any age | GBS |
No ethnic differences | GBS |
Disease of peripheral nervous system | GBS |
Rapid onset of symptoms | GBS |
Paralysis progressing symmetrically up from lower extremities | GBS |
Decreased deep tendon reflexes | GBS |
Elevated protein in spinal fluid | GBS |
History of febrile illness 1-3 weeks prior | GBS |
History of immunization or vaccine | GBS |
Usually do not get this more than once | GBS |
Cardinal signs include rigidity, tremor and bradycardia | Parkinson's disease |
Shuffling gait, arms at side | Parkinson's disease |
May result in dementia | Parkinson's disease |
Lack of dopamine | Parkinson's disease |
Autoimmune reaction, inflammatory response | Lupus (SLE) |
Affects all body systems | Lupus (SLE) |
Renal failure is a leading cause of death | Lupus (SLE) |
Affects females more than males with average age about 30 years | Lupus (SLE) |
Affects blacks more than whites | Lupus (SLE) |
Low grade fever | Lupus (SLE) |
Butterfly rash | Lupus (SLE) |
Arthritis-like pain | Lupus (SLE) |
Abnormal ANA titer | Lupus (SLE) |
Alopecia | Lupus (SLE) |
Sores in nose or mouth | Lupus (SLE) |
Cardiac abnormalities | Lupus (SLE) |
Deficit of acetylcholine | Myasthenia Gravis |
Defect at myoneural junction | Myasthenia Gravis |
Possible autoimmune etiology | Myasthenia Gravis |
Affects women more than men, ages 20-30 years | Myasthenia Gravis |
Disease of muscle weakness | Myasthenia Gravis |
Abnormal skeletal muscle fatigue | Myasthenia Gravis |
Ptosis, diplopia | Myasthenia Gravis |
Motor loss but not sensory | ALS |
Muscle wasting | ALS |
Rapidly progressive and terminal | ALS |
May be due to virus, bacteria, environmental toxin? | ALS |
Onset between 40-70 years of age | ALS |
Life expectancy is short (generally less than 3 years) | ALS |
Stephen Hawking is most famous person with this who is still living | ALS |
Weakness and wasting of upper extremities | ALS |
Speech, chewing, swallowing obviously affected | ALS |
Death is often from respiratory failure or aspiration | ALS |
EMG and SER might be abnormal | ALS |
Rule-out Lyme disease | ALS |
Dominantly inherited | Huntington's Chorea |
Rare genetic disease | Huntington's Chorea |
Degeneration of basal ganglia and cerebral cortex | Huntington's Chorea |
Choreiform movements | Huntington's Chorea |
Progressive movements | Huntington's Chorea |
Diagnosed between ages 35-45 | Huntington's Chorea |
Affects both males and females | Huntington's Chorea |
No lab tests helpful | Huntington's Chorea |
Signs/symptoms include rapid onset of symptoms, abnormal sensations, decreased or absent deep tendon reflexes | GBS |
Two treatements for GBS that suppress the body's immune response | Plasmapheresis and IV gamma-globulin |
Side effects of plasmapheresis | Hypotension and mortality |
What are the most common deficits of GBS? | Fatigue and paralysis |
Epstein-barr virus and lack of vitamin D exposure are risk factors for what disease? | MS |
Where can lesions of MS be located? | Brain or spinal cord |
How is the expanded disability status scale used? | Ranks neurological impairment in someone who has MS |
Signs/symptoms include blurred vision, color distortion, loss of vision in one eye, eye pain, speech impediment, tremors, dizziness, ataxia, impaired mobility, paresthesia | MS |
Signs/symptoms include dysarthria, dysphonia and dysphagia | MS |
What type of bladder can someone with MS have? | Uninhibited, reflexic or areflexic |
How is primary-progressive clinical pattern of MS described? | A steady increase without flare-ups (10-15%) |
How is relapse-remitting clinical pattern of MS described? | Acute attacks that are well-defined; can be followed by full recovery or residual deficit (85%) |
How is progressive-relapsing clinical pattern of MS described? | Steady decline since onset; progress clinically with acute relapses (5%) |
How is secondary-progressive clinical pattern of MS described? | Long-term outcome of relapsing-remitting; gradual worsening of the disease that is independent of continued exacerbations (50% of those presenting with relapsing-remitting) |
What are the combination of therapies used to treat MS? | Disese-modifying therapies, management of acute relapses, symptomatic treatments, and rehabilitation management |
What are used to treat the symptoms of MS? | Steroids, immunosuppressants, antispasmodics, bowel and bladder medications |
What is amantidine (Symmetrel) used to treat in MS? | Tremor and rigidity |
What is propanolol used to treat in MS? | Tremors |
What disease-modifying agents are used to treat MS? | Betaseron (interferon beta 1b), Rebif (interferon beta 1a), Avonex (interferon beta 1a), Copaxone (glatiramir acetate), and Novantrone (mitoxantrone) |
For what clinical pattern(s) of MS is Betaseron used? | Relapsing-remitting |
For what clinical pattern(s) of MS is Rebif used? | Relapsing forms |
For what clinical pattern(s) of MS is Copaxone used? | Relapsing-remitting |
For what clinical pattern of MS is Avonex used? | Relapsing form and single clinical episode |
What type of drug is Novantrone? | Antineoplastic |
For what clinical pattern(s) of MS is Novantrone used? | Rapidly worsening relapsing-remitting and progressive-relapsing or secondary-progressive |
What is a motor paralytic bladder? | Can have motor function but not sensory function |
What is a medication used for Parkinson's disease? | Levadopa |
What medications are used to treat lupus? | Corticosteroids for the inflammation, as well as NSAIDs and aspirin |
What two diseases share the characteristic of a mask-like expression? | Parkinson's disease and myasthenia gravis |
Myasthenia gravis can be fatal if it affects what muscles? | Intercostal and diaphragm muscles |
What medication is used to treat Myasthenia Gravis? | Mestinon |
What is the most common genetic disorder seen in rehab? | Huntington's chorea |
What neurotransmitter is found in increased levels in the serum and spinal fluid of someone with ALS? | Glutamate |
What does EMG assess with regards to ALS? | Electromyography test that assesses muscle weakness |
What medication is the drug of choice to treat ALS that has been approved by the FDA? | Riluzole |
What medications make-up the three drug cocktail used to treat ALS? | Riluzole, minocycline (antibiotic), and nimodipine (calcium channel blocker) |
What medication should be used with caution (or not used) to treat ALS? | -statins |
What is the most important nursing intervention in regards to ALS? | Emotional support |
For which neurologic disease is genetic counseling needed? | Huntington's chorea |
For which neurologic disease is the care plan similar to that for Alzheimer's? | Huntington's chorea |
For which neurologic disease is there no effective cure or treatment? | Huntington's chorea |
For which neurlogic disease is there no cure but you treat the symptoms? | ALS |
What class of medications are used to treat Myasthenia Gravis? | Anticholinesterase drugs |
How long does someone with Myasthenia Gravis need to take their medication (Mestinon)? | The rest of their lives |
Which of the neurological disorders are autoimmune-mediated disorders? | GBS and MS |
Which of the neurological disorders are degenerative disorders? | Parkinson's disease, ALS, and Huntington's chorea |
What muscle relaxants can be used to treat spasticity in neurological disorders? | Baclofen, and dantrolene sodium (Dantrium) |
What benzodiazepines can be used to treat spasticity in neurological disorders? | Diazepam (Valium) |
What anticonvulsants can be used to treat spasticity in neurological disorders? | Gabapentin (Neurontin) |
What antiviral medication is used to treat fatigue related to neurological disorders? | Amantadine (Symmetrel) |
What central nervous system stimulant is used to treat fatigue related to neurological disorders? | Methylphenidate (Ritalin) |