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Nur-458
Neurmuscular Disorders
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| First generation relative increases risk over 20 times | MS |
| Demyelinating disease of the CNS | MS |
| Mainly affects white matter | MS |
| Most common nontraumatic cause of neurological disability in young adults | MS |
| Cause is unknown | MS, GBS |
| Possibly due to an abnormal immune response | MS |
| Most common in cooler northern climates | MS |
| Smoking is a risk factor | MS |
| One symptom is spasticity | MS |
| Fatigue may be made worse by hot temperatures | MS |
| May have problems with memory | MS |
| McDonald's criteria used for diagnosis; gold standard for diagnosis | MS |
| Has different clinical patterns | MS |
| Relapsing-remitting is the most common clinical pattern | MS |
| Acute idiopathic polyneuritis | GBS |
| Affects any age | GBS |
| No ethnic differences | GBS |
| Disease of peripheral nervous system | GBS |
| Rapid onset of symptoms | GBS |
| Paralysis progressing symmetrically up from lower extremities | GBS |
| Decreased deep tendon reflexes | GBS |
| Elevated protein in spinal fluid | GBS |
| History of febrile illness 1-3 weeks prior | GBS |
| History of immunization or vaccine | GBS |
| Usually do not get this more than once | GBS |
| Cardinal signs include rigidity, tremor and bradycardia | Parkinson's disease |
| Shuffling gait, arms at side | Parkinson's disease |
| May result in dementia | Parkinson's disease |
| Lack of dopamine | Parkinson's disease |
| Autoimmune reaction, inflammatory response | Lupus (SLE) |
| Affects all body systems | Lupus (SLE) |
| Renal failure is a leading cause of death | Lupus (SLE) |
| Affects females more than males with average age about 30 years | Lupus (SLE) |
| Affects blacks more than whites | Lupus (SLE) |
| Low grade fever | Lupus (SLE) |
| Butterfly rash | Lupus (SLE) |
| Arthritis-like pain | Lupus (SLE) |
| Abnormal ANA titer | Lupus (SLE) |
| Alopecia | Lupus (SLE) |
| Sores in nose or mouth | Lupus (SLE) |
| Cardiac abnormalities | Lupus (SLE) |
| Deficit of acetylcholine | Myasthenia Gravis |
| Defect at myoneural junction | Myasthenia Gravis |
| Possible autoimmune etiology | Myasthenia Gravis |
| Affects women more than men, ages 20-30 years | Myasthenia Gravis |
| Disease of muscle weakness | Myasthenia Gravis |
| Abnormal skeletal muscle fatigue | Myasthenia Gravis |
| Ptosis, diplopia | Myasthenia Gravis |
| Motor loss but not sensory | ALS |
| Muscle wasting | ALS |
| Rapidly progressive and terminal | ALS |
| May be due to virus, bacteria, environmental toxin? | ALS |
| Onset between 40-70 years of age | ALS |
| Life expectancy is short (generally less than 3 years) | ALS |
| Stephen Hawking is most famous person with this who is still living | ALS |
| Weakness and wasting of upper extremities | ALS |
| Speech, chewing, swallowing obviously affected | ALS |
| Death is often from respiratory failure or aspiration | ALS |
| EMG and SER might be abnormal | ALS |
| Rule-out Lyme disease | ALS |
| Dominantly inherited | Huntington's Chorea |
| Rare genetic disease | Huntington's Chorea |
| Degeneration of basal ganglia and cerebral cortex | Huntington's Chorea |
| Choreiform movements | Huntington's Chorea |
| Progressive movements | Huntington's Chorea |
| Diagnosed between ages 35-45 | Huntington's Chorea |
| Affects both males and females | Huntington's Chorea |
| No lab tests helpful | Huntington's Chorea |
| Signs/symptoms include rapid onset of symptoms, abnormal sensations, decreased or absent deep tendon reflexes | GBS |
| Two treatements for GBS that suppress the body's immune response | Plasmapheresis and IV gamma-globulin |
| Side effects of plasmapheresis | Hypotension and mortality |
| What are the most common deficits of GBS? | Fatigue and paralysis |
| Epstein-barr virus and lack of vitamin D exposure are risk factors for what disease? | MS |
| Where can lesions of MS be located? | Brain or spinal cord |
| How is the expanded disability status scale used? | Ranks neurological impairment in someone who has MS |
| Signs/symptoms include blurred vision, color distortion, loss of vision in one eye, eye pain, speech impediment, tremors, dizziness, ataxia, impaired mobility, paresthesia | MS |
| Signs/symptoms include dysarthria, dysphonia and dysphagia | MS |
| What type of bladder can someone with MS have? | Uninhibited, reflexic or areflexic |
| How is primary-progressive clinical pattern of MS described? | A steady increase without flare-ups (10-15%) |
| How is relapse-remitting clinical pattern of MS described? | Acute attacks that are well-defined; can be followed by full recovery or residual deficit (85%) |
| How is progressive-relapsing clinical pattern of MS described? | Steady decline since onset; progress clinically with acute relapses (5%) |
| How is secondary-progressive clinical pattern of MS described? | Long-term outcome of relapsing-remitting; gradual worsening of the disease that is independent of continued exacerbations (50% of those presenting with relapsing-remitting) |
| What are the combination of therapies used to treat MS? | Disese-modifying therapies, management of acute relapses, symptomatic treatments, and rehabilitation management |
| What are used to treat the symptoms of MS? | Steroids, immunosuppressants, antispasmodics, bowel and bladder medications |
| What is amantidine (Symmetrel) used to treat in MS? | Tremor and rigidity |
| What is propanolol used to treat in MS? | Tremors |
| What disease-modifying agents are used to treat MS? | Betaseron (interferon beta 1b), Rebif (interferon beta 1a), Avonex (interferon beta 1a), Copaxone (glatiramir acetate), and Novantrone (mitoxantrone) |
| For what clinical pattern(s) of MS is Betaseron used? | Relapsing-remitting |
| For what clinical pattern(s) of MS is Rebif used? | Relapsing forms |
| For what clinical pattern(s) of MS is Copaxone used? | Relapsing-remitting |
| For what clinical pattern of MS is Avonex used? | Relapsing form and single clinical episode |
| What type of drug is Novantrone? | Antineoplastic |
| For what clinical pattern(s) of MS is Novantrone used? | Rapidly worsening relapsing-remitting and progressive-relapsing or secondary-progressive |
| What is a motor paralytic bladder? | Can have motor function but not sensory function |
| What is a medication used for Parkinson's disease? | Levadopa |
| What medications are used to treat lupus? | Corticosteroids for the inflammation, as well as NSAIDs and aspirin |
| What two diseases share the characteristic of a mask-like expression? | Parkinson's disease and myasthenia gravis |
| Myasthenia gravis can be fatal if it affects what muscles? | Intercostal and diaphragm muscles |
| What medication is used to treat Myasthenia Gravis? | Mestinon |
| What is the most common genetic disorder seen in rehab? | Huntington's chorea |
| What neurotransmitter is found in increased levels in the serum and spinal fluid of someone with ALS? | Glutamate |
| What does EMG assess with regards to ALS? | Electromyography test that assesses muscle weakness |
| What medication is the drug of choice to treat ALS that has been approved by the FDA? | Riluzole |
| What medications make-up the three drug cocktail used to treat ALS? | Riluzole, minocycline (antibiotic), and nimodipine (calcium channel blocker) |
| What medication should be used with caution (or not used) to treat ALS? | -statins |
| What is the most important nursing intervention in regards to ALS? | Emotional support |
| For which neurologic disease is genetic counseling needed? | Huntington's chorea |
| For which neurologic disease is the care plan similar to that for Alzheimer's? | Huntington's chorea |
| For which neurologic disease is there no effective cure or treatment? | Huntington's chorea |
| For which neurlogic disease is there no cure but you treat the symptoms? | ALS |
| What class of medications are used to treat Myasthenia Gravis? | Anticholinesterase drugs |
| How long does someone with Myasthenia Gravis need to take their medication (Mestinon)? | The rest of their lives |
| Which of the neurological disorders are autoimmune-mediated disorders? | GBS and MS |
| Which of the neurological disorders are degenerative disorders? | Parkinson's disease, ALS, and Huntington's chorea |
| What muscle relaxants can be used to treat spasticity in neurological disorders? | Baclofen, and dantrolene sodium (Dantrium) |
| What benzodiazepines can be used to treat spasticity in neurological disorders? | Diazepam (Valium) |
| What anticonvulsants can be used to treat spasticity in neurological disorders? | Gabapentin (Neurontin) |
| What antiviral medication is used to treat fatigue related to neurological disorders? | Amantadine (Symmetrel) |
| What central nervous system stimulant is used to treat fatigue related to neurological disorders? | Methylphenidate (Ritalin) |
Created by:
ssbourbon
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