Question | Answer |
Name the esters | Cocaine, Procaine, Chloroprocaine, and Tetracaine |
How are esters metabolized? | By plasma cholinesterase |
Which ester is 10 times as potent as procaine? | Tetracaine |
This ester is known to cause spinal neuropathy causing its use to be limited. | Chloroprocaine |
This ester can cause severe increases in heart rate and blood pressure. | Cocaine |
This ester may cause pyrogenic activity as a side effect. | Cocaine |
This ester is used Topically for Corneas and Endotracheal anesthesia as well as for spinal anesthesia. | Tetracaine |
The IV route of this Amide depresses laryngeal and tracheal reflexes. | Lidocaine |
Why is epinephrine often coadminitered with Lidocaine? | Epinephrine reduces the vasocilating effects of Lidocaine to reduce its absorption. |
What are the benefits of Mepivacaine over Lidaine? | Mepivacaine is longer acting than Lidocaine and does not cause vasodilation |
This amide can cause cardiac toxicity. | Bupivacane (Marcaine) |
Accidental IV injection can cause ventricular dysrhythmias that are difficult to correct. | Bupivacaine (Marcaine) |
similar to Bupivacaine, but somewhat less cardiotoxic | Ropivacaine |
Amide safe for obstetric use. | Ropivacane |
Amide may be adminstered in combination with epidural fentanyl or clonidine | Levobupivacaine |
Use for pain management cases and for surgical anesthesia. | Levobupivacaine |
What is a possible risk of Perservative free Morphine used in an epidural? | Delayed respiratory depression |
Epidural administration provides pain relief for extended periods | Perservative free Morphine |
How is anesthetic distributed to each region of the body? | It is directly proportional to the amount of blood each region receives (highly vascular organs receive a higher proportion) |
What is the least T lymphocyte inhibiting drug used for anesthesia? | Propofol |
What respiratory affects do induction agents have? | |