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Medications
CAPA Anesthestics and Analgesics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name the esters | Cocaine, Procaine, Chloroprocaine, and Tetracaine |
| How are esters metabolized? | By plasma cholinesterase |
| Which ester is 10 times as potent as procaine? | Tetracaine |
| This ester is known to cause spinal neuropathy causing its use to be limited. | Chloroprocaine |
| This ester can cause severe increases in heart rate and blood pressure. | Cocaine |
| This ester may cause pyrogenic activity as a side effect. | Cocaine |
| This ester is used Topically for Corneas and Endotracheal anesthesia as well as for spinal anesthesia. | Tetracaine |
| The IV route of this Amide depresses laryngeal and tracheal reflexes. | Lidocaine |
| Why is epinephrine often coadminitered with Lidocaine? | Epinephrine reduces the vasocilating effects of Lidocaine to reduce its absorption. |
| What are the benefits of Mepivacaine over Lidaine? | Mepivacaine is longer acting than Lidocaine and does not cause vasodilation |
| This amide can cause cardiac toxicity. | Bupivacane (Marcaine) |
| Accidental IV injection can cause ventricular dysrhythmias that are difficult to correct. | Bupivacaine (Marcaine) |
| similar to Bupivacaine, but somewhat less cardiotoxic | Ropivacaine |
| Amide safe for obstetric use. | Ropivacane |
| Amide may be adminstered in combination with epidural fentanyl or clonidine | Levobupivacaine |
| Use for pain management cases and for surgical anesthesia. | Levobupivacaine |
| What is a possible risk of Perservative free Morphine used in an epidural? | Delayed respiratory depression |
| Epidural administration provides pain relief for extended periods | Perservative free Morphine |
| How is anesthetic distributed to each region of the body? | It is directly proportional to the amount of blood each region receives (highly vascular organs receive a higher proportion) |
| What is the least T lymphocyte inhibiting drug used for anesthesia? | Propofol |
| What respiratory affects do induction agents have? |