Question | Answer |
parts of the skeletal system | bones, joints, cartilages, ligaments, |
Two subdivisions of the skeleton | Axial skeleton, Appendicular skeleton |
The adult skeleton has how many bones | 206 |
Two types of bones tissue | compact bones, Spongy bones |
Spongy Bones | small needle like pieces of bone with many open spaces |
classification of bones | long, short, flat, irregular |
long bones | typically longer than wide, shaft with heads situated at both ends, contain mostly compact bones. |
short bones | generally cube shape, contain mostly spongy bone, includes bones of the wrist and ankles, sesamoid bones are a type of short bone. |
flat bones | Thin flattened and usually curved, Two thin layers of compact bone surround a layer of spongy bone. |
Irregular Bones | Do not fit into other bone classification for example vertebrae, Hip bones |
Diaphysis | Is at the Shaft, composed of compact bone |
Epiphysis | At the ends of long bone, and composed mostly of spongy bone |
Periosteum | Outside covering of the diaphysis |
Perforating (Sharpey's) fibers | Secure periosteum to underlying bone |
Arties | Supply bone cells with nutrients |
Articular Cartilage | Covers the external surface of the epiphyses, made of hyaline cartilage, decreases friction at joint surfaces. |
Epiphyseal Plate | Flat plate of hyaline cartilage seen in young growing bone. |
Epiphyseal Line | Remnant of the epiphyseal plate, seen in adult bones. |
Osteon (Haversian System) | A unit of bone contaning the central canal |
Central (Haversian Canal) | Opening in the center of an Osteon |
Perforating (Volkman Canal) | Canal Perpendicular to the central canal, carries blood vessel and nerves. |
Lacunae | Cavities containg bone cells |
Lamellae | Rings around the central canal, sites of lucanae |
Epiphyseal Plates | Allows for lengthwise growth of long bones during childhood |
Appositional | Bones grow in width |
Osteocytes | Mature bone cells |
Osteoblast | Bone forming cells |
Osteoclast | giant bone destroying cells |
Fracture | break in the bone |
Closed Fracture | Break that does not penetrate |
Open Fracture | Broken bone penetrate through the skin. |
Comminuted | Bones break into many fragments |
Compression | Bones are crushed |
Depressed | Broken bone portion is pressed inwaard |
Impacted | broken bone ends are forced into eachother |
Spiral | Ragged break occurs when excessive twisting forces are applied to the bone |
Green stick | Bones breaks completely |
Axial Skeleton | skull, vertebral column, bony thorax |
Skull Two sets of bones | Cranium, Facial Bones |
Nine Vertebrae fuse to form two composite bones | Sacrum, Coccyx |
Primary Curvature | Spinal Curvatures of the thoracic and sacral area present from birth form a C shape |
Secondary Curvature | are the spinal curvatures of the lumbar region develops after birth. |
Appendicular Skeleton | Composed of 126 bones limbs, pectorals girdle, pelvic girdle |
Carpals | Wrist eight bones |
Mtecarpals | Palm Five per hand |
Phalanges | 14 phlanges in each hand in each finger three bones, in the thumb two bones |
Tarsal | seven bones |
Metatarsals | five bones form the sole of the foot |
Phalanges | form 14 bones from the toes |
Synarthroses | Immovable Joints |
Amphiathroses | Slightly Moveable |
Diathroses | Freely moveable Joints |
Fibrous Joints | Generally immovable |
Cartilaginous Joints | Immovable or slightly moveable |
Synovial Joints | Freely moveable |
Syndesmoses | Allows more movement than sutures but still immobile. |
Gomphosis | Immobile |
Synchrondrosis | don't move |
Symphysis | Slightly Moveable |
Synovial Joints | Articulating bones are seperated by a joint cavity |
Synovial Fluid | Found in the joint cavity |
Gouty Arthritis | Inflammation of joints is caused by a deposition of uric acid crystals from the blood |