Question | Answer |
What is a catalyst? | A chemical that speeds up chemical reactions |
What are enzymes? | Biological catalysts that are made inside living cells |
What are enzymes made from? | Protein |
What is the purpose of enzymes? | Speed up chemical reactions |
What is a substrate? | The substance that an enzyme works on. |
What are product(s)? | The substance(s) produced by an enzyme controlled reaction. |
What is a synthesis reaction? | One that builds big molecules from smaller ones |
What is a degradation reaction? | One that results in the breakdown of a large molecules to smaller ones. |
Name an enzyme that performs a synthesis reaction. | Phosphorylase |
Name an enzyme that performs a degradation reaction. | Amylase,
Pepsin,
Lipase,
(i.e. any digestion enzyme,
Catalase. |
Why are enzymes specific? | They only work on one substrate OR they only speed up one particular reaction. |
What do you call the part of the enzyme that attaches to the substrate. | The active site. |
What is different about the enzyme after the reaction? | Nothing. |
Are enzymes re-useable? | Yes |
Name two factors that affect enzyme activity. | Temperature,
pH,
Enzyme concentration,
Substrate concentration. |
What word do we use to describe an enzyme that has stopped working? | Denatured |
What has happened to denatured enzymes to make them stop working? | Active site has changed its shape. |
What do you do to make an experiment more RELIABLE? | REPEAT it and calcululate AVERAGE results. |
What do you do to make an experiment VALID | VARIABLES must be kept constant. |
What is the standard list of controlled variables? | T, T, C, M, P, V |
Name a commercial product that contains Enzymes. | Biological washing powders. |
What does the order of amino acids in a protein determine? | The protein's shape and function. |
Name as many functions of proteins as you can. | Membrane structural proteins
Enzymes
Antibodies
Hormones
Receptors for Hormones (or neurotranmitters) |