| Term | Definition |
| can ride a tricycle, walk on tiptoe, balance on one foot for a few seconds, and do broad jumps | by age 3 |
| can skip and hop on one foot and catch a ball reliably | by age 4 |
| can skip and alternate feet and jump rope and begin to skate and swim | by age 5 |
| developing a sense of initiative (Erikson) | preschool period; kid are in a stage of energetic learning; development of the superego, or conscience, begins toward the end of the toddler years and is a major task for preschoolers; learning right from wrong & good from bad is the beginning of morality |
| preoperational phase (Piaget) | one of the main transitions during this phase is the shift from totally egocentric though to social awareness |
| preconventional or premoral level (Kohlberg) | kids 4-7 years are in the stage of naive intrumental orientation in which actions are directed toward satisfying their needs and less frequently the needs of others; they have a concrete sense of justice and fairness during this period |
| most children are aware of their gender | by 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 years |
| vocabulary increases | from 300 words at age 2 to more that 2100 words at the end of 5 years |
| telegraphic | kids between 3 & 4 yrs form sentences of about three to four words and include only the most essential words |
| can use all parts of speech correctly | by age 6; except for deviations from the rule; they can define simple things by describing their use, shape, or general category of classification, rather than simply describing their outward appearance |
| preschoolers enjoy ? type of play | associative play |
| the appearance of imaginary companions appear at? | |
| masturbation is most common when? | at age 4 and adolescents |
| animism | ascribing lifelike qualities ti inanimate objects, helps explain why kids fear objects |
| most critical period for speech development | occurs between 2 and 4 yrs |
| dyslalia | kids pressured into producing sounds ahead of their developmental level may develop articulation problems or revert to using infant speech |
| nightmares | frightening dreams that are followed by full arousal |
| sleep terrors | partial arousal from deep, nondreaming sleep |
