| Question | Answer |
| Na | 135-145
High: dehydration, Cushings, DI,
Low: burns, NVD, CHF, SIADH, nephritis |
| K | 3.5 - 5.2
High: oliguria, anuria, RF, acidosis, tissue dmg
Low: VD, malnutrition, stress, injury, diuretics |
| Chl | 99 - 108
High: D, hyperNA, renal dz, dehydration, hyperventilation
Low: prolonged V, burns, Ulcer Colitis, gastroenteritis, DM |
| Mg | 1.5 - 3.5
High: severe dehydration, renal failure, leukemia
Low: malnutrition, cirrhosis, chronic D |
| BUN | 8-21
High: dehydration, impaired renal fxn, GI bleed, shock
Low: starvation, liver dmg, celiacs, low protein diet, FVO, infancy |
| Cr | 0.6-1.2
High: renal failure, shock, UTO, lupus, acromegaly
Low: MD, pregnancy, eclampsia, liver dz |
| Protein | 6 - 8
High: dehydration, chronic inflammation
Low: FVO, hepatic insufficiency, malnutrition |
| RBC | 4 - 6
High: dehydration, etc
Low: FVO, anemias, renal, hemorrhage, etc |
| WBC | 4 - 10
High: UTI, bac infection, toxic states, tissue dmg
Low: typhoid fever, lupus, drug reaction, blood disorders |
| Platelets | 145 - 345
High: polycythemia
Low: leukemias, aplastic anemias |
| Hbg | 12.5 - 16
High: dehydration, polycythemia, stress, burns
Low: iron def anemia, cirrhosis, hemorrhage |
| Hct | 35 - 47.7
High: dehydration, hypovolemia, diarrhea, stress burns
Low: acute blood loss, anemias, malnutrition, leukemia |
| Albumin | 3.5 - 5
High: dehydration, exercise
Low: liver dz, malnutrition, D, burns, starvation |
| Pre-Albumin | 15 - 36
High:
Low: |
| GFR | 0.5 - 1.2
High: Renal, |
| Phosphorus | 2.5 - 5
interpret w Ca
High: ARF, CRF, cehmo, milk, laxatives, vit D,
Low:malnutrition, ETOH withdrawal, antacids |
| Total Bilirubin | 0 - 1.5
High:erythoblasstosis fetalis, sickle cell, Hep
Low:Fe deficiency anemia, drugs ASA, PCN |
| Ca | 8.2 - 10.2
high: diet, hyperparathyroid, meyloma, carcinoma, thiazides
Low: D, chronic infection, burns, hypoparathyroid, CRF, pancratitis |
| Lipase | 4 - 24
High: pancreatitis, mumps, TBI, renal transplant, cirrhosis |
| Amylase | 6 - 160
High: Pancreatitis, cholecystitis |
| Iron | 42 - 135
High: hematochromatosis, Fe intake, liver necrosis
Low: anemia, immunodeficiency, leukemia, lymphoma, nephrotic syndrome |
| PaO2 | 80 - 100, COPD 70+
High: breathing
Low: CO2 exposure, anemias, pulmonary dz |
| CO2 | 35 - 45
High: respiratory acidosis, hypoventilation
Low: respiratory alkalosis, hypoxia, hyperventilation, anxiety |
| HCO3 | 22 - 26
High: metabolic alkalosis
Low: Metabolic acidosis |
| pH | 7.35 - 7.45
High: alkalosis
Low: acidosis |
| PTT | 20 - 40 sec
heparin
High: liver dz, low Vit k, R/O hemorrhage
Low:risk for clot, High Vit K, hormone therapy |
| PT | 9.5 - 12 sec
Warfarin
High:risk for bleed,
Low: risk for clot, increase drug therapy |
| AST/ALT | 8 - 40
High: live cell damage |
| CVP | 3 - 12 cm
High: hypervolemia, poor CO
Low: hypovolemia |
| MAP | 70 - 110
MAP = (SBP + 2DBP) / 3
High: See formula
Low: inadequate tissue perfusion |
| Urine specific gravity | 1.010 - 1.030 |
