Term | Definition |
Solution | homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances |
solute | the componment of solution that is present in lesser quantity |
solvent | the solution component present in the largest quantity |
Aqueous solution | solution where the solvent is water |
This can be liquid as well as solids and gases | Solutions |
Air | oxygen and several trace gases are dissolved in the gaseous solvent, nitrogen |
Alloys | brass and other homogeneous metal mixtures in the solid state |
What are the general properties of liquid solution | clear, transparent, no visible particle
May be colored or colorless
Electrolytes are formed from
Nonelectrolytes do not dissociate
Volumes of solute and solvent are not additive
solutes that are soluble ionic compounds |
Colloidal suspension | contains solute particles which are not uniformly distributed |
Colloidal Suspension properties | Due to larger size of particles (1nm - 200 nm)
Appears identical to solution from the naked eye
Smaller than 1 nm, have solution
Larger than 1 nm, have a precipitate |
Tyndall Effect | the ability of a colloidal suspension to scatter light |
Tyndall Effect examples | See a haze when shining light through the mixture |
Solutions: | light passes right through without scattering |
Light as haze, scatters light | colloidal suspension |
no haze | solution |
Solubility | - how much of a particular solute can dissolve in a certain solvent at a specified temperature |
Factors which affect solubility: | Polarity of solute and solvent
Temperature
Pressure |
Pressure | Usually has no effect
If solubility is of gas in liquid, directly proportional to applied pressure |
Temperature | Increase in temperature usually increases solubility |
Polarity of solute and solvent | The more different they are, the lower the solubility |
Saturated solution | - a solution that contains all the solute that can be dissolved at a particular temperature |
Supersaturated solution | - contains more solute than can be dissolved at the current temperature |
How is saturation done | Heat solvent, saturate it with solute then cool slowly
Sometimes the excess will precipitate out
If it doesn’t precipitate, the solution will be supersaturated |
Henry’s law | – the number of moles of a gas dissolved in a liquid at a given temperature is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid |