| Term | Definition |
| Solution | homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances |
| solute | the componment of solution that is present in lesser quantity |
| solvent | the solution component present in the largest quantity |
| Aqueous solution | solution where the solvent is water |
| This can be liquid as well as solids and gases | Solutions |
| Air | oxygen and several trace gases are dissolved in the gaseous solvent, nitrogen |
| Alloys | brass and other homogeneous metal mixtures in the solid state |
| What are the general properties of liquid solution | clear, transparent, no visible particle
May be colored or colorless
Electrolytes are formed from
Nonelectrolytes do not dissociate
Volumes of solute and solvent are not additive
solutes that are soluble ionic compounds |
| Colloidal suspension | contains solute particles which are not uniformly distributed |
| Colloidal Suspension properties | Due to larger size of particles (1nm - 200 nm)
Appears identical to solution from the naked eye
Smaller than 1 nm, have solution
Larger than 1 nm, have a precipitate |
| Tyndall Effect | the ability of a colloidal suspension to scatter light |
| Tyndall Effect examples | See a haze when shining light through the mixture |
| Solutions: | light passes right through without scattering |
| Light as haze, scatters light | colloidal suspension |
| no haze | solution |
| Solubility | - how much of a particular solute can dissolve in a certain solvent at a specified temperature |
| Factors which affect solubility: | Polarity of solute and solvent
Temperature
Pressure |
| Pressure | Usually has no effect
If solubility is of gas in liquid, directly proportional to applied pressure |
| Temperature | Increase in temperature usually increases solubility |
| Polarity of solute and solvent | The more different they are, the lower the solubility |
| Saturated solution | - a solution that contains all the solute that can be dissolved at a particular temperature |
| Supersaturated solution | - contains more solute than can be dissolved at the current temperature |
| How is saturation done | Heat solvent, saturate it with solute then cool slowly
Sometimes the excess will precipitate out
If it doesn’t precipitate, the solution will be supersaturated |
| Henry’s law | – the number of moles of a gas dissolved in a liquid at a given temperature is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid |
