Term | Definition |
plasma membrane | phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins: controls what enters or exits the cell |
nucleus | control center for the cell; contains the DNA and RNA needed to control all cell activities |
ribosome | made of rRNA and produces proteins by bonding amino acids in chains |
endoplasmic reticulum | folded network of membranes; compartmentalizes the cell for the production of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins |
rough ER | membranes have ribosomes attached and is involved in the production of proteins that will leave the cell |
smooth ER | membranes have NO ribosomes attached; involved in the production of lipids, carbohydrates, and the storage of toxins |
Golgi apparatus | folded stack of membranes with vesicles; involved in altering products of the cell and packages them for shipment out of the cell |
lysosome | a single membrane sac of hydrolytic enzymes; involved in intracellular digestion |
vacuoles | a single membrane sac used for storage of water, food, and wastes |
mitochondria | double membrane bound organelle involved in the production of cellular energy (ATP); the site of cellular respiration |
chloroplast | a double membrane bound organelle involved in the production of glucose and other carbohydrates by photosynthesis; contain chlorophyll and other pigments |
cell wall | multilayered (cellulose fibers) outer boundary of plant cells; gives the plant cell its support |
cytoskeleton | network of microtubules and microfilaments providing internal support for a cell |
central vacuole | found in the center of plant cells; involved in the internal support (turgor pressure) of the plant cell |
centrioles | complex of microtubules that is involved in cell reproduction |
nucleolus | composed of RNA; located in the nucleus and produces the ribosomes |
chromosomes | linear strands of DNA; contains hereditary information |
cytoplasm | the protein rich, liquid portion of the cell; contains most of the organelles |
microtubules | hollow proteins forming tubules; make the cilia, flagella, and centrioles; also a major portion of the cytoskeleton |