| Term | Definition |
| Function of Gastrointestinal System | Secretion, digestion, absorption, motility and elimination |
| Pancreas | secretes enzymes and insulin |
| Liver | Storage, protection, and metabolism |
| Gallbladder | Collects, Storage, and concentrate of bile |
| Assessment of abdomen | Inspection
Auscultation
Percussion
palpation |
| Functions of nutrients | Provide energy for body processes and movement
Provide structural material for building and maintaining body tissues |
| Carbohydrates | Elements
Simple carbohydrates- sugars
Complex carbohydrates
starches & fiber |
| DIGESTION aided by ENZYMES | Ptyalin
Pancreatic amylase
Maltase
Sucrase
Lactase |
| Carbohydrate Metabolism | Major source of energy
Broken down into glucose and used or stored
Insulin enhances the transport of glucose into cells |
| Carbs are stored as.... | glycogen or fat |
| Glycogenesis is the process of | glycogen formation |
| Nutrient Categories | -Essential amino acids (9)
-Nonessential amino acids |
| 9 Essential Amino Acids (AA) | * CANNOT BE MANUFACTURED BY THE BODY*** |
| Nonessential Amino Acids | The body can manufacture
Glycine
Alanine
Aspartic acid
Glutamic acid
Proline
Hydroxyproline
Cystine
Tryosine
Serine |
| Protein Storage | Absorbed through the small intestine and into the blood |
| ANABOLISM | building tissue |
| CATABOLISM | breaking down proteins |
| NITROGEN BALANCE | state when nitrogen intake equals nitrogen output. |
| LIPIDS | Greasy and insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol |
| FATS | solid at room temperature |
| OILS | liquid at room temperature |
| Fatty Acids | carbon chains and hydrogen |
| Saturated | All carbon atoms filled with hydrogen |
| Unsaturated | Have at least 2 carbon atoms not attached to hydrogen but instead have double bond |
| WATER | Most basic nutrient
controls body temperature, lubricant |
| VITAMIN | Organic compound cannot be manufactured by the body |
| Types of minerals | Macrominerals
Microminerals |
| Metabolism | Biochemical and physiologic process by which the body grows and maintains itself |
| Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) | Rate at which the body metabolizes food to maintain the energy requirements of a person |
| Body Mass Index (BMI) | Wt in KG / Ht in meters
Normal 18.5-24.9 |
| Obesity | Abnormal increase in the proportion of fat cells |
| Malnutrition | Protein-calorie malnutrition
Poor eating habits or malabsorption problem |
| Anorexia Nervosa | Self imposed weight loss
Self-starvation |
| Bulimia Nervosa | Frequent binge eating
Self induced vomiting |
| Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) | The backward flowing of gastric contents into the esophagus. |
| Hiatal Hernia | Protrusion of the stomach through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm into the thorax
Sliding Hernia
Rolling Hernia |
| Sliding Hernia | Heartburn
Regurgitation
Chest pain
Dysphagia
Belching
Fullness |
| Paraesophageal (Rolling) Hernia | Feeling of fullness after eating
Breathlessness after eating
Feeling of suffocation
Chest pain that mimics angina |
