Term | Definition |
proton | positively charged particle |
neutron | uncharged particle |
electron | negatively charged particle |
atomic mass | number of protons and neutrons combined |
element | pure substance made up of one kind of atom |
molecule | group of atoms |
compound | substances whose molecules have more than one kind of atom |
ionic bond | bond formed by the positve-negative attraction of two atoms |
covalent bond | bond formed when atoms share electrons |
dehydration synthesis | water is removed from small molecules to form larger ones |
hydrolysis | water is added to large molecules to make smaller molecules |
acid | pH value below 7 |
base | pH value above 7 |
buffers | chemicals that maitain stable pH |
carbohydrates | organis compound,stores energy |
monosaccharide | basic unit of carbohydrate, one sugar "simple sugar"-(glucose) |
disaccharide | double sugar-(sucrose, lactose) |
polysaccharide | complex carbohydrate-(glycogen) |
lipids | fats and oils |
triglycerides | glycerol unit with three fatty acids |
phospholipids | phosphorus-containing unit with a head and two tails |
cholesterol | steroid structure |
proteins | made up of amino acids |
structural proteins | form structures in the body |
functional proteins | protein that regulates chemical reactions in the body |
enzymes | help chemical reactions occur-"lock-and -key" |
collagen | fibrous protein that holds tissues together |
keratin | "waterproofing" fibers in outer layer of skin |
DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid-cells "master code" |
RNA | ribonucleic acid-"working copy" of a gene |
ATP | transfers energy from nutrients to cellular processes. |