Question | Answer |
Adaptive Immunity | 1. includes specialized lymphocytes (T&B cells) 2. includes antibodies |
Pasteur | injected chicken with weakened pathogen, fully virulent pathogen did not kill them |
Von Behring | showed bacteria could produce toxins, low levels of pathogen injected in rabbit, transfused blood into sick rabbit, lived |
Ehrlich | discovered that there was a 1:1 ratio of antitoxin to toxin |
Agglutination | antibodies clump together to ease phagocytosis |
Opsonization | antibodies bind to microbe to ease adhearance of phagocytes |
Antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity | eukaryotic pathogen covered in antibodies immune cells release chemicals to lys cell |
Neutralization | antibody binds to receptor of intracellular pathogen and blocks cell from its normal receptor |
Primary Response to pathogen | 4-7 days to develop antibodies IGM, IGG, peak at 10-17 days after exposure |
Secondary (memory or anamnestic) response | Rapid, peaks at 2-7 days after exposure, increased amount of antibodies, lasts many days |
TH1 | Produce cytokines |
TH2 | produce cytokines to increase the # of antibodies made in an allergic response |
TH17 | produce cytokine 17 which in involved in inflammation response and pathogen protectionof extracellular |
Follicular TH | produce more B and plasma cells |
T regulatory cells | check T cells before release |
APCS | B cells, activated macrophages and dendritic cells, digest antigens, |