Question | Answer |
Miosis | Contraction of the iris sphincter muscle, which causes the pupil to narrow |
Mydriasis | Contraction of the dilator muscle and relaxation of the sphincter muscle, which causes the pupil to dilate |
Open Angle Glaucoma | reduced outflow of aqueous humor through the trabecular network and Schlemm's canal because of resistance of the aqueous humor outflow; the iridocorneal angle is open. |
Closed/Narrow Angle Glaucoma | Sudden increase of IOP caused by mechanical obstruction of the trabecular network in the iridocoroneal angle. |
Osmotic agents (isosorbide/Ismotic)) | Reduces volume of intraocular fluid |
Carbonic Andhydrase Inhibitors (acetazolimide/Diamox) | Inhibit carbonic andhydrase resulting in a decrease in the production of aqueous humor, thus lowering IOP |
Cholinergic agents (pilocarpine/Isopto-carpine) | Produces strong contractions of the iris and ciliary body |
Cholinesterase Inhibitors (echothiophate iodide/Phospholine iodide) | Used when Cholinergic agents don't work. Prevents metabolism of acetylcholine resulting in increased cholinergic activity which decreases IOP. |
Adrenergic agents (phenylephrine/Neophrine; brimonidine/Alphagan P) | Cause pupil dilation, increased outflow of aqueous humor, vasconstriction, relaxation of ciliary muscle |
Beta-Adrenergic Blockers (timolol maleate/Timoptic) | Used to reduce IOP. They are thought to reduce the production of aqueous humor. |
Prostiglandin Agonists(latanoprost/Xatalan)
OOG | Increases outflow of aqueous humor. May causee eye pigment changes |
Anticholinergic agents (atropine sulfate/Isopto-atropine) | Relax smooth muscle of the ciliary body and iris to produce mydriasis and cyclopegia. |
Antibiotics | |
Antifungal agents | |
Antiviral agents | |