| Question | Answer |
| What are the functions of acetylcholine? | Sleep, arousal, pain, movement, memory |
| Increased levels of acetylcholine? Decreased? | Depression-----Alzheimer's, Huntington's, Parkinson's |
| What are the functions of norepinephrine? | mood, cognition, sleep/arousal, CV function, perception |
| Decreased levels of norepi? Increased levels? | Depression-----mania, anxiety, schizophrenia |
| What are the functions of Dopamine? | movement, coordination, emotions |
| Increased levels of dopamine? Decreased? | Mania and schizo------Parkinson's, Depression |
| What are the functions of serotonin? | sleep, arousal, libido, appetite, aggression, pain, judgement |
| Decreased levels of serotonin? Increased levels? | depression--------anxiety |
| What are the functions of GABA? | calms, reduces aggression |
| Decreased levels of GABA? Increased? | Anxiety, Huntington's, schizo, epilepsy-------sedation, anti-convulsant |
| Endorphins | internal opiates--play a role in pain modulation--morphine-like action |
| Anticholinergic use: | EPSE of antipsychotics
SLUDGE (sedation, lethargy, urinary retention, dry mouth, GI upset, and energy loss)
CI with glaucoma |
| Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: | from antipsychotic tox, life threatening
SXS: high temp (107), increased HR, diaphoresis and risk for organ failure
Clozapine--WBC and drooling |
| SEs of TCAs and SSRIs | HA, drowsiness, hypotension, urinary retention, EPSE, photosens.
can use for cardiac dysrhythmias
Luvox and Anafranil used for OCD
Effective in 7-10 days and therapeutic within 3-4 weeks |
| Antianxiety uses and side effects (need to wean) | use: relaxant, seizure reduction, alcohol w/d, ST use only! tolerance can occur within 3-4 weeks-
SE: drwosy, low BP, confusion, safety
BuSpar is non narcotic
Toxic: R depression, CI with pregnancy/BF, hepatic disease, MAOs
W/D--dep., paranoia, deliri |
| Lithium use, SE, blood levels, interventions | use: Bipolar
SE: flu like, diarrhea, N, V, ataxia, cranial nerve problems--can combine
Interv: monitor diet--NA
Blood level: 0.6-1.2 if higher=fatal
tox: vomiting, diarrhea, ataxia, confusion (CNS) |
| SED/HYP use and SEs | sleep, pre-op
SE: addiction, drowsiness, excitement |
| Anticonvulsants use/ SEs | mood stabilizer (Bipolar, Depression)
check labs often (liver and kidney)
May decrease effectiveness of BC pills
toxic: diplopia, blurry vision, agranulocytosis, anemia, liver failure |
| Inderal | panic disorders |
| ECT drugs | Anectin, Quillicin, Brevital |
| Antipsychotics use: | major tranquilizers, decrease dopamine at receptor sites
psychoses, MedSurg-hiccups, antiemetics
Typical or Atypical |
| Antipsychotic SEs: | Akinesia:absence of muscle movement
Akathasia: anxious, pacing, restless
Dystonia: tight muscles, uncoord., jerking
PseudoP: shuffling gait, flat affect
Tardive Dysk: facial muscles, preventable
lowers seizure threshold and wt gain/dry mouth
decreas |
| MAO SE: | prevents norepi and serotonin from breaking down
SE: hypertensive crisis, HA, high BP
Do not give within 2 wks of other antidep.
Need low tyramine diet!!
not first line med |
| Limbic system | emotional brain |
| NTs | brain chemicals that transmit electrical impulses, essential to emotions and behavior
Cross synapse and allow impulse or block it, reuptake--stores for further use |
