Question | Answer |
numbers larger than 100 | for numbers larger than 100, combine each non-zero digit in its reading, e.g. 324 is さんびゃくにじゅうよん |
numbers larger than 100, base unit for numbers 10,000 or larger | まん |
~んで | is used in a formation with plain form and んです at the end. Replacement for ~ます. Shows the person you are talking to that they are part of your social group, not an outsider. Friendly, shows concern for others, and in these ways serves as politeness. |
~んで, first common use | first common use is to invite explanation beyond the simplest answer, which is an expression of interest and friendliness. Too much use is nosy or imposing. |
~んで, second common use | giving excuses or explaining the reasons for a situation without explicit indication, e.g. a vague excuse. |
~んで, third common use | confirming the speaker's assumption, or giving and requestioning an explanation or reason. |
~んで, fourth common use | surprise or irritation |
~んで, asking why | どうして (why) is commonly used with ~んで. An answer is also given with ~んで (and at the same time, ので). It indicates that an explanation is being given. |
~んで, asking why, politeness | どうして often implies surprise about somone's behavior and demand for an explanation, so it can sound aggressive or accusatory. |
どうしてですか | Why is that? |
expressing wants | express wants by using the same construction as for すき, but with the adjective ほしい instead. |
expressing wants, negative form | ほしくありません/ほしくないです. は replaces が when a contrast is present, and this is common. |
expressing what someone else wants | use the ~がっている ending instead of い, which means "he or she is showing signs of ~." (in the case of ほしがっている, showing signs of wanting) |
expressing what someone else wants, object particle | Use を instead of が. |
expressing what someone else wants, explanation for why | the Japanese language considers that one's emotional state is only know by oneself. |
expressing desire to do something | keep ます stem, replace ます with たい. This makes the verb into somewhat functionally an い adjective, to be topped off with a copula verb. |
expressing desire to do something, object particle | In this construction, the object marker を of the verb can be replaced with が. This is commonly the case. |
expressing desire to do something, politeness to superiors | use ~ますか or ~いかがですか instead of ~たいですか. |
expressing desire to do something, someone else's | use ~がっているand を |
~まい | thin objects |
~ひき | fish, small four-legged animals |
~ほん | long cylindrical objects |
~さつ | bound objects |
~つ | objects not fitting any specific category |
thin objects | paper, plates, T-shirts, CDs, DVDs |
fish, small four-legged animals | dogs, cats, mice |
long cylindrical objects | pencils, pens, bottles, ans, belts, ties, trousers, movies/films |
bound objects | books, dictionaries, magazines |
objects not fitting any specific category | apples, rings, earrings, oranges, balls |