Term | Definition |
Metabolic acidosis
-Action | inability of kidneys to excrete acid or conserve base |
Metabolic acidosis
-Causes | diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
Overdose aspirin (salicylate)
shock
sepsis
severe diarrhea
renal failure |
Metabolic acidosis
-SE | headache
Low BP
hyperkalemia
muscle twitching
warm, flushed skin (vasodilation)
N/V/D
altered LOC (confused, drowsiness)
Kussmal Respirations
-compensatory hyperventilation |
Respiratory acidosis
-Action | -retention of CO2 by lungs |
Respiratory acidosis
-Causes | Decreased respiratory response
- Anesthesia, Med overdose
obstructed airway
PE
COPD
Pnumonia
Atelectasis |
Respiratory acidosis
-SE | Hypoventilation leading to Hypoxia
rapid, shallow respirations
Decreased BP (vasodilation)
Dyspnea
Headache
Hyperkalemia
Dysrhythmias (>K lvls)
Altered LOC
-drowsiness, dizziness, disorientation
Muscle weakness
Hyperreflexia |
Metabolic alkalosis
-Action | Decreased acid or Increased base |
Metabolic alkalosis
-Cause | severe vomiting
excessive GI suctioning
potassium wasting diuretics
-increases loss of H+
excessive antacids (NaHCO3) |
Metabolic alkalosis
-SE | restlessness then lethargy
dysrhythmias (tachycardia)
Compensatory Hypoventilation
LOC
-confusion, dizzy, irratable
N/V/D
tremors
muscle cramps
tingling of fingers toes |
Respiratory alkalosis
-Action | increased loss of CO2 from lungs |
Respiratory alkalosis
-Cause | hyperventilation
anxiety
inital stages of PE
fear
Mechanical ventilation
fever
hypoxia
pregnancy
high altitudes |
Respiratory alkalosis
-SE | seisures
deep, rapid breathing
hyperventilation
tachycardia
low or normal BP
hypokalemia
numbness & tingling of extremities
lethargy & confusion
light headedness
nausea/vomiting |
Acidosis Labs | Increased H ⁺ ions
pH low (<7.4)
CO2⁻ elevated (>45)
HCO₃⁻ decreased (<21) |
Alkalosis Labs | Decreased H ⁺ ions
pH high (>7.4)
CO2⁻ decreased (<35)
HCO₃⁻ elevated (>28) |