Question | Answer |
Name the 4 major functional characteristics of skeletal muscle. | Contractility,Excitability, Extensibility, and Elasticity |
The connective tissue shealth that surrounds skeletal muscle. | the epimysium |
another connective tissue that surrounds and seperates muscles. | the fascia |
the ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force | Contractility |
the visible bundles that make up muscles | muscle fasciculi (fascicle) |
loose connective tissue that surrounds the bundles | perimysium |
muscle cells are called | muscle fibers |
the capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus | excitability |
the connective tissue sheath surrounding each fiber is called | the endomysium |
the ability of muscle to recoil to it's original resting length | elasticity |
a threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other | myofibrils |
the 2 major kinds of protein fibers found in these threadlike structures are | actin myofilaments and myosin myofilaments |
highly ordered units of these protein fibers | sarcomeres |
the ability of muscle to be stretched | extensibility |
resting membrane potential is | the charge difference across the membrane |
action potential is | the brief reversal back of charge |
nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers are | motor neurons |
another name for a neuromuscular junction is | a synapse |
a single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates are called | a motor unit |
what does aceylcholine do | it is a neurotransimitter |
what is the space between the presynartic terminal and the muscle cell called | the synaptic cleft |
what is the presynaptic terminal | the enlarged nerve terminal |
what is the postsynaptic terminal | the muscle fiber |
what is the purpose of the sliding filament mechanism | allows muscles to contract |
the contraction of the entire muscle in response to a stimulus is | muscle twitch |
the level the stimulus must reach for a muscle fiber to react is | threshold |
when the muscle contracts maximally | all-or-none response |
the time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron is called | the lag phase |
the tim of contraction is the | contraction phase |
time during which the muscle relaxs is called | the relaxtion phase |
muscles remain contracted without relaxing is | tetnany |
the increase in number of motor units being activated is | recruitment |
ATP stands for | adenosine triphosphate |
where is ATP produced | in the mitochondria of the cell |
what does ADP stand for | adenosine diphosphate |
what is creatine phosphate | a high-energy molecule |
anaerobic respiration | without oxygen |
aerobic respiration | with oxygen(more efficent) |
what is oxygen debit | the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions |
what causes muscle fatigue | ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells |
what does isometric mean | the length of the muscle stays the same but the tension changes |
what is muscle tone | the constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time |
describe fast-twitch fibers | they contract quickly and fatique quickly |
describe slow-twiwch fibers | contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatique |
what is the origin of the muscle | the most starionary end of the muscle |
what is the insertion of the muscle | the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement |
what is the section of the muscle between the origin and the insertion called | the belly |
muscles that work together are called | synergists |
muscles that work opposing each other are called | antagonists |
the muscle that plays thr major role in the movementis called the | prime mover |
the occipitofrontalis is responsible for | raising the eyebrows |
the obicularis oculi is responsible for | opening and closeing the eyelids |
What are the two "kissing muscles" called | the orbicularis oris and the buccinator |
what muscle is responsible for puckering the lips | the orbicularis oris |
what muscle flatens the cheeks | the buccinator |
another name for the"kissing muscles" | the " trumpeter muscles" |
what muscle makes you smile | the zygomaticus |
what muscle makes you sneer | the levator labii superioris |
what does the depresser anguli oris do | make you frown |
the lateral neck muscle | sternocleidomastoid |
what does the platysma do | pull the corners of the mouth down |
chewing | mastication |
extrinsic tongue muscle do what | control tongue movement |
interinsic tongue muscles do what | control tongue shape |
where are the erector spinae located | on either sid eof the vertebral column |
wha does the erector spinae do | provide good posture |
where are the intercostals located | between the ribs |
external intercostals are for | inspiration |
internal intercostals are for | experation |
what is the diaphram responible for | quiet breathing |
what is the diaphram | a dome shaped muscle |
what is the liea alba | a white line of connective tissue that extends from the sternum to the pubis |
what do the external obliques responible for | helping compress abdominal contents |
what are tendonous inscriptions | tendonous tissue that crosses the rectus abdominis |
what gives the rectus abdominous it's segmented look | the tendonous inscriptions |