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Anatomy Ch 6 Muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name the 4 major functional characteristics of skeletal muscle. | Contractility,Excitability, Extensibility, and Elasticity |
| The connective tissue shealth that surrounds skeletal muscle. | the epimysium |
| another connective tissue that surrounds and seperates muscles. | the fascia |
| the ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force | Contractility |
| the visible bundles that make up muscles | muscle fasciculi (fascicle) |
| loose connective tissue that surrounds the bundles | perimysium |
| muscle cells are called | muscle fibers |
| the capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus | excitability |
| the connective tissue sheath surrounding each fiber is called | the endomysium |
| the ability of muscle to recoil to it's original resting length | elasticity |
| a threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other | myofibrils |
| the 2 major kinds of protein fibers found in these threadlike structures are | actin myofilaments and myosin myofilaments |
| highly ordered units of these protein fibers | sarcomeres |
| the ability of muscle to be stretched | extensibility |
| resting membrane potential is | the charge difference across the membrane |
| action potential is | the brief reversal back of charge |
| nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers are | motor neurons |
| another name for a neuromuscular junction is | a synapse |
| a single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates are called | a motor unit |
| what does aceylcholine do | it is a neurotransimitter |
| what is the space between the presynartic terminal and the muscle cell called | the synaptic cleft |
| what is the presynaptic terminal | the enlarged nerve terminal |
| what is the postsynaptic terminal | the muscle fiber |
| what is the purpose of the sliding filament mechanism | allows muscles to contract |
| the contraction of the entire muscle in response to a stimulus is | muscle twitch |
| the level the stimulus must reach for a muscle fiber to react is | threshold |
| when the muscle contracts maximally | all-or-none response |
| the time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron is called | the lag phase |
| the tim of contraction is the | contraction phase |
| time during which the muscle relaxs is called | the relaxtion phase |
| muscles remain contracted without relaxing is | tetnany |
| the increase in number of motor units being activated is | recruitment |
| ATP stands for | adenosine triphosphate |
| where is ATP produced | in the mitochondria of the cell |
| what does ADP stand for | adenosine diphosphate |
| what is creatine phosphate | a high-energy molecule |
| anaerobic respiration | without oxygen |
| aerobic respiration | with oxygen(more efficent) |
| what is oxygen debit | the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions |
| what causes muscle fatigue | ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells |
| what does isometric mean | the length of the muscle stays the same but the tension changes |
| what is muscle tone | the constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time |
| describe fast-twitch fibers | they contract quickly and fatique quickly |
| describe slow-twiwch fibers | contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatique |
| what is the origin of the muscle | the most starionary end of the muscle |
| what is the insertion of the muscle | the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement |
| what is the section of the muscle between the origin and the insertion called | the belly |
| muscles that work together are called | synergists |
| muscles that work opposing each other are called | antagonists |
| the muscle that plays thr major role in the movementis called the | prime mover |
| the occipitofrontalis is responsible for | raising the eyebrows |
| the obicularis oculi is responsible for | opening and closeing the eyelids |
| What are the two "kissing muscles" called | the orbicularis oris and the buccinator |
| what muscle is responsible for puckering the lips | the orbicularis oris |
| what muscle flatens the cheeks | the buccinator |
| another name for the"kissing muscles" | the " trumpeter muscles" |
| what muscle makes you smile | the zygomaticus |
| what muscle makes you sneer | the levator labii superioris |
| what does the depresser anguli oris do | make you frown |
| the lateral neck muscle | sternocleidomastoid |
| what does the platysma do | pull the corners of the mouth down |
| chewing | mastication |
| extrinsic tongue muscle do what | control tongue movement |
| interinsic tongue muscles do what | control tongue shape |
| where are the erector spinae located | on either sid eof the vertebral column |
| wha does the erector spinae do | provide good posture |
| where are the intercostals located | between the ribs |
| external intercostals are for | inspiration |
| internal intercostals are for | experation |
| what is the diaphram responible for | quiet breathing |
| what is the diaphram | a dome shaped muscle |
| what is the liea alba | a white line of connective tissue that extends from the sternum to the pubis |
| what do the external obliques responible for | helping compress abdominal contents |
| what are tendonous inscriptions | tendonous tissue that crosses the rectus abdominis |
| what gives the rectus abdominous it's segmented look | the tendonous inscriptions |
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edan213
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