Question | Answer |
psychology | the science that deals with the behavior and thinking of organism |
science | a branch of study that is based on systematically conducted research |
behavior | refers to those activities of people or animals that can be observed directly or measured by special techniques |
thinking | refers to unobservable activity by which a person or animal reorganizes past experiences through the use of symbols and concepts |
organism | is any living person or animal |
anthropology | is the study of the culture, or way of life, of people in all parts of the world |
sociology | the science most closely related to many areas of psychology; it focuses mainly on groups instead of individuals(psychologist) |
social psychology | concerned with the effects of groups on the individual and with how individuals think about other people |
structuralism | an approach to psychology that focused on the structure of human consciousness; Wundt studied the structure of human conscience, his approach came to be known as structuralism |
functionalism | an approach to psy that focused on how the mind works rather than on the structure of mental process; William James |
psychoanalysis | a system of psychological theory and treatment for personality disturbances first developed by Sigmund Freud; the process of bringing unconscious feelings to the surface |
behaviorism | an approach to psy that focuses on overt behavior and is based on the belief that personality is determened by rewards and punishment |
Wilhelm Wundt | structuralism |
William James | functionalism |
Sigmund Freud | psycholanalysis |
John B Watsom | behaviorism |
B.F. Skinner | todays representative; revised behavioralism; behvaior is totally determined by our surroundings, there is no such thing as free will...so we are not responsible for our actions |
Albert Bandura | believes that behavior is learned mostly through ovbservation and imitation; argues we learn through and by watching models or people that serve as examples of how to behave |
Gestalt | German, meaning form or shape; believed that it was a mistake to try to break down beh into elements, they argue the overall form, shape or patterns is frequently more important thanthe smaller parts; the whole is greater than its parts |
Freud introduced us to | a buried part of nature, the unconscious which allows a new way of interpreting behavior,psychoanalysis is based on the idea that human beh is influenced by feeling/wishes that are buried deep inside a person |
Watson expanded our knowledge..... | of how people learn and the importance of our surroundings and encouraged well designed experimental methods |
Gestalt psychologis urged us to | consider behavior in context rather than in isolation; see the whole picture |
the three important branches of psychology today | cognitive psychology, existential psychology and humanistic psychology |
cognitive psychology | an approach to psy that focuses on though processes and stresses that the mind does not merely react to stimuli but processes information into new forms |
existential psychology | an approach to psychology that stresses the role of choicein determining behavior |
Humanistic psychology | an approach to psy which is based on the belief that people strive to achieve their maximun potential |
early development of psychology | began to study behavior scientifically in 1800, Wundt 1879 founded his lab |
Cavemen | chipped hole in skull to rid evil spirit |
ancient Egyptians | Ka 1-7, inside little person responsible for behavior, 7 being scared |
ancient Greeks | stemmed from philosophy; Plato - believed mind and body are two distinct elements, with the mind having a life of its own, both before birth and after death;Hippocrate"father of medicine"abnormal behavior was not created by evil spirits but natural causes |
Middle Ages | achievements of Greek foprgotten, revived idea that beh could be explained by good and evil spirits |
1600's and 1700's | French Philosopher Descartes proposed that the mid and body interact, the development of phrenology was false based on unfounded theories - personality based on bumps on head. |