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psy Ch 1 Dewey
Ch 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| psychology | the science that deals with the behavior and thinking of organism |
| science | a branch of study that is based on systematically conducted research |
| behavior | refers to those activities of people or animals that can be observed directly or measured by special techniques |
| thinking | refers to unobservable activity by which a person or animal reorganizes past experiences through the use of symbols and concepts |
| organism | is any living person or animal |
| anthropology | is the study of the culture, or way of life, of people in all parts of the world |
| sociology | the science most closely related to many areas of psychology; it focuses mainly on groups instead of individuals(psychologist) |
| social psychology | concerned with the effects of groups on the individual and with how individuals think about other people |
| structuralism | an approach to psychology that focused on the structure of human consciousness; Wundt studied the structure of human conscience, his approach came to be known as structuralism |
| functionalism | an approach to psy that focused on how the mind works rather than on the structure of mental process; William James |
| psychoanalysis | a system of psychological theory and treatment for personality disturbances first developed by Sigmund Freud; the process of bringing unconscious feelings to the surface |
| behaviorism | an approach to psy that focuses on overt behavior and is based on the belief that personality is determened by rewards and punishment |
| Wilhelm Wundt | structuralism |
| William James | functionalism |
| Sigmund Freud | psycholanalysis |
| John B Watsom | behaviorism |
| B.F. Skinner | todays representative; revised behavioralism; behvaior is totally determined by our surroundings, there is no such thing as free will...so we are not responsible for our actions |
| Albert Bandura | believes that behavior is learned mostly through ovbservation and imitation; argues we learn through and by watching models or people that serve as examples of how to behave |
| Gestalt | German, meaning form or shape; believed that it was a mistake to try to break down beh into elements, they argue the overall form, shape or patterns is frequently more important thanthe smaller parts; the whole is greater than its parts |
| Freud introduced us to | a buried part of nature, the unconscious which allows a new way of interpreting behavior,psychoanalysis is based on the idea that human beh is influenced by feeling/wishes that are buried deep inside a person |
| Watson expanded our knowledge..... | of how people learn and the importance of our surroundings and encouraged well designed experimental methods |
| Gestalt psychologis urged us to | consider behavior in context rather than in isolation; see the whole picture |
| the three important branches of psychology today | cognitive psychology, existential psychology and humanistic psychology |
| cognitive psychology | an approach to psy that focuses on though processes and stresses that the mind does not merely react to stimuli but processes information into new forms |
| existential psychology | an approach to psychology that stresses the role of choicein determining behavior |
| Humanistic psychology | an approach to psy which is based on the belief that people strive to achieve their maximun potential |
| early development of psychology | began to study behavior scientifically in 1800, Wundt 1879 founded his lab |
| Cavemen | chipped hole in skull to rid evil spirit |
| ancient Egyptians | Ka 1-7, inside little person responsible for behavior, 7 being scared |
| ancient Greeks | stemmed from philosophy; Plato - believed mind and body are two distinct elements, with the mind having a life of its own, both before birth and after death;Hippocrate"father of medicine"abnormal behavior was not created by evil spirits but natural causes |
| Middle Ages | achievements of Greek foprgotten, revived idea that beh could be explained by good and evil spirits |
| 1600's and 1700's | French Philosopher Descartes proposed that the mid and body interact, the development of phrenology was false based on unfounded theories - personality based on bumps on head. |
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deweykbellaire
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