Question | Answer |
Sarcolemma | muscle cell membrane |
Sarcoplasm | muscle cell cytoplasm |
Myofilaments | contracitle elements of each muscle fiber |
Muscle fiber | elongated cylindrical cell |
Myofibrils | groups of contrractile myofilaments that runn longitudinal within the muscle |
Sarcomeres | a small seciton or compartment within a myofibril> zline to zline - responsible for muscle contraction |
Myofilaments | structural components of myofibrils |
Myosin | thick myofilaments - occupy A Band of sarcomere - shaped like a golf club |
Actin | thin myofilaments - anchored to the Z Line |
A (Anisotropic) Band | Area of sarcomere = length of Myosin - dark bands |
I (Isotropic) Band | Area in successive sarcomeres between the ends of the myosin myofilaments (Actin only) light bands |
Muscle Nerve Interaction of the Neuromuscular Junction = | junction between axon terminal and muscle fiber |
Muscle Nerve Interaction of Motor End Plate = | location on the muscle fiber at the end of an axon terminal |
Muscle Nerve Interaction of Motor Neuron = | a nerve cell that innervates a muscle fiber - end of the nerve |
Muscle Nerve interaction - Syrapse = | functional connection |
Hemoglobin | in red blood cell - carries oxygen to muscle |
Myoglobin | stores oxygen in muscle tissue |
Muscle Origin and Insertion - Origin | immovable end of muscle - body segment w/ most mass - usually more proximally located - usually larger surface area of attachment |
Muscle origin and Insertion - Insertion | body segment w/ least mass - usually more distally located - usually smaller surface area of attachment |
Muscle Origin and Insertion - Gaster (belly) | fleshy portion of the muscle between the tendons of the origin insertion |
Cardiac Muscle | striated - involuntary (usually) |
Smooth (Visceral) Muscle | located in walls of hollow internal surfaces such as: blood vessels, stomach, urinary bladder or intestines - non striated in appearance - involuntary (usually) |
A nervous system is composed of | neurons and neuroglia |
____________ transmit _________________ along nerve fibers to other neurons. | Neurons Nerve impulses |
Neurons typically have a __________, ________ and _____________. | cell body, axons, dendrites |
Organs of the nervous system can be divided in ___________________ and ________________. | Central nervous system (CNS) and Peripheral nervous sytem (PNS) |
Central Nervous System (CNS) is made up of | the brain and spinal cord |
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) is made up of | peripheral nerves that connect the CNS to the rest of the body |
What is at the ends of the peripheral nerves that gathers information and converts it into nerve impulses | sensory receptors |
What is the integrative function of the nervous system | when sensory impulses are integrated in the brain as perceptions |
What 2 systems can motor functions be divided into | consciously controlled - somatic nervous system and the unconscious - autonomic system |
What do Neuroglial cell do | fill spaces, support neurons, provide structural frameworks, produce myolin and carry on phagacytosis |
_________________ are the myelin - producing neuroglia of the peripheral nervous system | Schwann cells |
Branching ____________ carry impulses from other neurons toward the cell body | dendrites |
The ______ transmits the impulse away from the axon hillock of the the cell and may give off side branches | Axon |
Larger axons are enclosed by ___________ profived by Schwann cells and are myelinated fibers | Myelin Sheaths |
The PNS is made up of the what? | Sematic nervous system, that oversees voluntary activities. |
What controlls involuntary activities? | Autonomic nercous system. |
The PNS is made up of the what? | Sematic nervous system, that oversees voluntary activities. |
The PNS is made up of the what? | Sematic nervous system, that oversees voluntary activities. |
What controlls involuntary activities? | Autonomic nercous system. |
The PNS is made up of the what? | Sematic nervous system, that oversees voluntary activities. |
What are the gaps between neurons? | Synapses |
What are nerve impulses? | they fire throughout the body, by a local current flowing. |
What controlls involuntary activities? | Autonomic nercous system. |
What are neurotransmitters? | Biochemicals that carry out the synaptic transmission process in the synaptic cleft. |
What are the gaps between neurons? | Synapses |
Where do synapses exist? | Between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another. |
What controlls involuntary activities? | Autonomic nercous system. |
What are nerve impulses? | they fire throughout the body, by a local current flowing. |
When the neurotransmitters are stimulated to flood the gap and bond to ion channels on the post synaptic neuron what happens? | This causes an action potential to be produced. |
Where do synapses exist? | Between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another. |
What are the gaps between neurons? | Synapses |
What are neurotransmitters? | Biochemicals that carry out the synaptic transmission process in the synaptic cleft. |
When the neurotransmitters are stimulated to flood the gap and bond to ion channels on the post synaptic neuron what happens? | This causes an action potential to be produced. |
Where do synapses exist? | Between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another. |
What are neurotransmitters? | Biochemicals that carry out the synaptic transmission process in the synaptic cleft. |
What does the Motor efferent division do? | Transmits impulses from the CNS to effector organs. |
Where do visceral afferent fibers go? | Transmit impulses from visceral organs to the brain. |
When the neurotransmitters are stimulated to flood the gap and bond to ion channels on the post synaptic neuron what happens? | This causes an action potential to be produced. |
Where do sensory (afferent) division go? | To the brain. |
What are neurotransmitters? | Biochemicals that carry out the synaptic transmission process in the synaptic cleft. |
What does the Motor efferent division do? | Transmits impulses from the CNS to effector organs. |
What do sensory afferent fibers do? | Carry impulses from skin, skeletal muscles, and joints to the brain. |
What are nerve impulses? | they fire throughout the body, by a local current flowing. |
What are nerve impulses? | they fire throughout the body, by a local current flowing. |
Where do visceral afferent fibers go? | Transmit impulses from visceral organs to the brain. |
Where do sensory (afferent) division go? | To the brain. |
What is the Meninges function? | Is to protect the nervous system. |
What do sensory afferent fibers do? | Carry impulses from skin, skeletal muscles, and joints to the brain. |
Where do sensory (afferent) division go? | To the brain. |
What does the Motor efferent division do? | Transmits impulses from the CNS to effector organs. |
What do sensory afferent fibers do? | Carry impulses from skin, skeletal muscles, and joints to the brain. |
Where do visceral afferent fibers go? | Transmit impulses from visceral organs to the brain. |
What does the Motor efferent division do? | Transmits impulses from the CNS to effector organs. |
What are the brain and spinal cord surrounded by? | Meninges. |
Where does Motor (efferent) division go? | From the brain. |
What is the cerebral cortex? | Layer of gray matter towards the outside of the cranium. 75% of the cell bodies are here. |
What does the Motor efferent division do? | Transmits impulses from the CNS to effector organs. |
What are the brain and spinal cord surrounded by? | Meninges. |
Where does the spinal cord go? | Between the first and second lumbar. |
What is the Meninges function? | Is to protect the nervous system. |
What is the thalamus? | Sensory and motor impulses. Functions in memory. |
The brain contains how many multipolar neurons? | 100 billion. |
Where does the spinal cord go? | Between the first and second lumbar. |
What can the brain be divided into? | Cerebrum(largest portion) Diencepalon(sensory input) cerebellum(muscle activity) brainstem(regulates visceral activities) |
The brain contains how many multipolar neurons? | 100 billion. |
What can the brain be divided into? | Cerebrum(largest portion) Diencepalon(sensory input) cerebellum(muscle activity) brainstem(regulates visceral activities) |
What can the brain be divided into? | Cerebrum(largest portion) Diencepalon(sensory input) cerebellum(muscle activity) brainstem(regulates visceral activities) |
The lobes of the brain? | Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and insula. |
What are the myelinated nerve fibers? | Makes up white matter. Connects cell bodies of the cerebral cortex with the rest of the nervous system. |
What is the cerebral cortex? | Layer of gray matter towards the outside of the cranium. 75% of the cell bodies are here. |
Functions of cerebrum? | Interprets sensory impulses, functions in skilled skeletal muscle functions, and emotional processing. |
What are the myelinated nerve fibers? | Makes up white matter. Connects cell bodies of the cerebral cortex with the rest of the nervous system. |
What is the thalamus? | Sensory and motor impulses. Functions in memory. |
Functions of cerebrum? | Interprets sensory impulses, functions in skilled skeletal muscle functions, and emotional processing. |
What is the hypothalamus? | Regulates in hormonal output of the pituitary gland, regulates body temperature, food intake, water balance, and thirst. |
What is the thalamus? | Sensory and motor impulses. Functions in memory. |
What does the brain stem consist of? | Layer of gray matter towards the outside of the cranium. 75% of the cell bodies are here. |
What is the hypothalamus? | Regulates in hormonal output of the pituitary gland, regulates body temperature, food intake, water balance, and thirst. |
What are the myelinated nerve fibers? | Makes up white matter. Connects cell bodies of the cerebral cortex with the rest of the nervous system. |
What does the brain stem consist of? | |
Functions of cerebrum? | Interprets sensory impulses, functions in skilled skeletal muscle functions, and emotional processing. |
What is the thalamus? | Sensory and motor impulses. Functions in memory. |
What is the hypothalamus? | Regulates in hormonal output of the pituitary gland, regulates body temperature, food intake, water balance, and thirst. |
What does the brain stem consist of? | Mid-brain, pons, and medulla oblongata lies at the base of the cerebrum, and cts the brain to the spinal cord. |
Medulla oblongata? | Heart rate, and blood pressure. |
Pons? | Regulation of respiration. |
Midbrain? | Visual and auditory reflex centers and fear response. |
Cerebellum? | Processes and interprets impulses from the motor cortex making movements smooth and well timed.(coordination) |
Order of muscle structure? | Muscle->Fascicles->Muscle fibers(Sacrolemma)(Neuromuscular junction)->Myofibrils->Thick(myosin) and thin(actin) filaments. |
Travel of neurons? | Impulses travel from dendrites to cell body to axons. |