Question | Answer |
Cell Division | Division process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells |
Mitosis | part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides |
Chromatids | one of two identical “sister” parts of a duplicated chromosome |
Centromere | area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached |
Cell Cycle | series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide |
Cancer | disorder in which some of the body’s own cells lose the ability to control growth |
Diploid | term used to refer to a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes |
Haploid | term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes |
transformation | process in which one strain of bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteria |
bacteriophage | virus that infects bacteria |
base pairing | principle that bonds in DNA can form only between adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine |
chromatin | granular material visible within the nucleus, consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins |
replication | copying process by which a cell duplicates its DNA |
DNA polymerase | enzyme involved in DNA replication that joins individual nucleotides to produce a DNA molecule |
apoptosis | programmed cell death |
nucleotide | monomer of Nucleic Acids |
sexual reproduction | joining of two specialized cells called gametes, one from each parent resulting in offspring that are genetically unique |
asexual reproduction | reproduction of a single celled organism by which the cell divides into two cells of the same size that are genetically identical to each other |
histone | protein that organizes chromosomes and around which DNA wraps |
chromosome | one long continuous thread of DNA that consists of numerous genes along with regulatory information |