Question | Answer |
What are the releasing and inhibiting hormones of the hypothalamus? | Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH);
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH);
Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH);
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) |
What are the actions of the releasing and inhibiting hormones of the hypothalamus? | Controls the release of pituitary hormones |
What is Somatostatin and where is it released from? | Inhibits growth hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone and released from the hypothalamus and pancreatic islet cells. |
What hormones are released from the Anterior Pituitary? | Growth hormone (GH);
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH);
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH);
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH);
Luteinizing hormone (LH);
Prolactin |
What major action does Growth hormone(GH)do and where is it released from? | 1. Inhibits growth hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone
2. Stimulates growth of bone and muscle, promotes protein synthesis and fat metabolism, decreases carbohydrate metabolism.
Released from the Anterior Pituitary. |
What major action does Adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) do and where is it released from? | Stimulates synthesis and secretion of adrenal corticol hormones.
Released from the Anterior Pituitary. |
What major action does Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) do and where is it released from? | Stimulates synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormone.
Released from the Anterior Pituitary. |
What major action does Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) do for FEMALES and where is it released from? | Female: stimulates growth of ovarian follicle, ovulation.
Released from the Anterior Pituitary. |
What major action does Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) do for MALES and where is it released from? | Male: stimulates sperm production.
Released from the Anterior Pituitary. |
What major action of Luteinizing hormone (LH) do for FEMALES and where is it released from? | Female: stimulates development of corpus luteum, release of oocyte, production of estrogen and progesterone.
Released by the Anterior Pituitary. |
What major action of Luteinizing hormone (LH) do for MALES and where is it released from? | Male: stimulates secretion of testosterone, development of interstitial tissue of testes.
Released from the Anterior Pituitary. |
What is the major action of Prolactin for FEMALES and where is it released from? | Prepares female breast for breast-feeding.
Released from the Anterior Pituitary. |
What hormones are released from the Posterior Pituitary? | Antidiuretic hormone (ADH);
Oxytocin |
What major action does Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) do and where is it released from? | Increases H2O reabsorption by kidney.
Released from Posterior Pituitary. |
What major action does Oxytocin do and where is it released from? | Stimulates contraction of pregnant uterus, milk ejection from breast after childbirth.
Released from the Posterior Pituitary. |
What are the hormones released from the Adrenal cortex? | Mineralocorticosteroids (Mainly aldosterone);
Glucocorticoids (Mainly cortisol);
Adrenal androgens (Mainly dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione) |
What major action does Mineralocorticosteroids (Mainly aldosterone) do and where is it released from? | Increase sodium absorption, potassium loss by kidney.
Released from Adrenal cortex. |
What major action does Glucocorticoids (Mainly cortisol) do and where is it released from? | Affect metabolism of all nutrients; regulates blood glucose levels, affects growth, has anti-inflammatory action, and decreases effects of stress.
Released from Adrenal cortex. |
What major actions does Adrenal androgens (Mainly dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione)do and where is it released from? | Have minimal intrinsic androgenic activity; they are converted to testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in the periphery.
Released from the Adrenal cortex. |
What hormones are released by the Adrenal medulla? | Epinephrine and norepinephrine |
What major action does epinephrine do and where is it released from? | Serve as neurotransmitters for the sympathetic nervous system.
Released by the Adrenal medulla. |
What major action does norepinephrine do and where is it released from? | Serve as neurotransmitters for the sympathetic nervous system.
Released by the Adrenal medulla. |
What hormones are released by Thyroid (follicular cells)? | Thyroid hormones: triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) |
What major action does Thyroid hormones: triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)do and where are they released from? | Increase the metabolic rate; increase protein and bone turnover; increase responsiveness to catecholamines; necessary for fetal and infant growth and development.
Released from the Thyroid (follicular cells). |
What hormone is released from Thyroid C cells? | Calcitonin |
What is the major action of calcitonin and where is it released from? | Lowers blood calcium and phosphate levels.
Released from the Thyroid C cells. |
What hormone is released from the Parathyroid glands? | Parathormone (AKA Parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
What is the major action of Parathormone (or PTH)? | Regulates serum calcium levels.
Released from the Parathyroid glands. |
What hormones are released from the Pancreatic islet cells? | Insulin; glucagon; somatostatin |
What is the major action of insulin and where is it released from? | Lowers blood glucose by facilitating glucose transport across cell membranes of muscle, liver, and adipose tissue.
Released from Pancreatic islet cells. |
What is the major action of glucagon and where is it released from? | Increases blood glucose concentration by stimulation of glycogenolysis and glyconeogenesis.
Released from the Pancreatic islet cells. |
What is the major action of somatostatin and where is it released from? | Delays intestinal absorption of glucose.
Released from the Pancreatic islet cells. |
What hormones are releases by the Kidney? | 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D; Erythropoietin (EPO); Renin |
What is the major action of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D and where is it released from? | Stimulates calcium absorption from the intestine.
Released from the Kidney. |
What is the major action of Renin and where is it released from? | Activates renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
Released by Kidney. |
What is the major action of Erythropoietin (EPO) and where is it released from? | Increases red blood cell production.
Released from the Kidney. |
What hormones are released by the ovaries? | Estrogen and Progesterone |
What is the major action of estrogen and where is it released from? | Affects development of female sex organs and secondary sex characteristics.
Released from the ovaries. |
What is the major action of progesterone and where is it released from? | Influences menstrual cycle; stimulates growth of uterine wall; maintains pregnancy.
Released from the ovaries. |
What hormone is released by the testes? | Androgens (Mainly testosterone) |
What is the major action of Androgens (Mainly testosterone) and where is it released from? | Affect development of male sex organs and secondary sex characteristics; aid in sperm production.
Released by the testes. |