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Chapter 42 hormones
chapter 42; table 42-1. hormones and their actions.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the releasing and inhibiting hormones of the hypothalamus? | Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH); Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH); Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH); Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) |
| What are the actions of the releasing and inhibiting hormones of the hypothalamus? | Controls the release of pituitary hormones |
| What is Somatostatin and where is it released from? | Inhibits growth hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone and released from the hypothalamus and pancreatic islet cells. |
| What hormones are released from the Anterior Pituitary? | Growth hormone (GH); Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH); Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH); Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); Luteinizing hormone (LH); Prolactin |
| What major action does Growth hormone(GH)do and where is it released from? | 1. Inhibits growth hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone 2. Stimulates growth of bone and muscle, promotes protein synthesis and fat metabolism, decreases carbohydrate metabolism. Released from the Anterior Pituitary. |
| What major action does Adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) do and where is it released from? | Stimulates synthesis and secretion of adrenal corticol hormones. Released from the Anterior Pituitary. |
| What major action does Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) do and where is it released from? | Stimulates synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormone. Released from the Anterior Pituitary. |
| What major action does Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) do for FEMALES and where is it released from? | Female: stimulates growth of ovarian follicle, ovulation. Released from the Anterior Pituitary. |
| What major action does Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) do for MALES and where is it released from? | Male: stimulates sperm production. Released from the Anterior Pituitary. |
| What major action of Luteinizing hormone (LH) do for FEMALES and where is it released from? | Female: stimulates development of corpus luteum, release of oocyte, production of estrogen and progesterone. Released by the Anterior Pituitary. |
| What major action of Luteinizing hormone (LH) do for MALES and where is it released from? | Male: stimulates secretion of testosterone, development of interstitial tissue of testes. Released from the Anterior Pituitary. |
| What is the major action of Prolactin for FEMALES and where is it released from? | Prepares female breast for breast-feeding. Released from the Anterior Pituitary. |
| What hormones are released from the Posterior Pituitary? | Antidiuretic hormone (ADH); Oxytocin |
| What major action does Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) do and where is it released from? | Increases H2O reabsorption by kidney. Released from Posterior Pituitary. |
| What major action does Oxytocin do and where is it released from? | Stimulates contraction of pregnant uterus, milk ejection from breast after childbirth. Released from the Posterior Pituitary. |
| What are the hormones released from the Adrenal cortex? | Mineralocorticosteroids (Mainly aldosterone); Glucocorticoids (Mainly cortisol); Adrenal androgens (Mainly dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione) |
| What major action does Mineralocorticosteroids (Mainly aldosterone) do and where is it released from? | Increase sodium absorption, potassium loss by kidney. Released from Adrenal cortex. |
| What major action does Glucocorticoids (Mainly cortisol) do and where is it released from? | Affect metabolism of all nutrients; regulates blood glucose levels, affects growth, has anti-inflammatory action, and decreases effects of stress. Released from Adrenal cortex. |
| What major actions does Adrenal androgens (Mainly dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione)do and where is it released from? | Have minimal intrinsic androgenic activity; they are converted to testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in the periphery. Released from the Adrenal cortex. |
| What hormones are released by the Adrenal medulla? | Epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| What major action does epinephrine do and where is it released from? | Serve as neurotransmitters for the sympathetic nervous system. Released by the Adrenal medulla. |
| What major action does norepinephrine do and where is it released from? | Serve as neurotransmitters for the sympathetic nervous system. Released by the Adrenal medulla. |
| What hormones are released by Thyroid (follicular cells)? | Thyroid hormones: triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) |
| What major action does Thyroid hormones: triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)do and where are they released from? | Increase the metabolic rate; increase protein and bone turnover; increase responsiveness to catecholamines; necessary for fetal and infant growth and development. Released from the Thyroid (follicular cells). |
| What hormone is released from Thyroid C cells? | Calcitonin |
| What is the major action of calcitonin and where is it released from? | Lowers blood calcium and phosphate levels. Released from the Thyroid C cells. |
| What hormone is released from the Parathyroid glands? | Parathormone (AKA Parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
| What is the major action of Parathormone (or PTH)? | Regulates serum calcium levels. Released from the Parathyroid glands. |
| What hormones are released from the Pancreatic islet cells? | Insulin; glucagon; somatostatin |
| What is the major action of insulin and where is it released from? | Lowers blood glucose by facilitating glucose transport across cell membranes of muscle, liver, and adipose tissue. Released from Pancreatic islet cells. |
| What is the major action of glucagon and where is it released from? | Increases blood glucose concentration by stimulation of glycogenolysis and glyconeogenesis. Released from the Pancreatic islet cells. |
| What is the major action of somatostatin and where is it released from? | Delays intestinal absorption of glucose. Released from the Pancreatic islet cells. |
| What hormones are releases by the Kidney? | 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D; Erythropoietin (EPO); Renin |
| What is the major action of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D and where is it released from? | Stimulates calcium absorption from the intestine. Released from the Kidney. |
| What is the major action of Renin and where is it released from? | Activates renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Released by Kidney. |
| What is the major action of Erythropoietin (EPO) and where is it released from? | Increases red blood cell production. Released from the Kidney. |
| What hormones are released by the ovaries? | Estrogen and Progesterone |
| What is the major action of estrogen and where is it released from? | Affects development of female sex organs and secondary sex characteristics. Released from the ovaries. |
| What is the major action of progesterone and where is it released from? | Influences menstrual cycle; stimulates growth of uterine wall; maintains pregnancy. Released from the ovaries. |
| What hormone is released by the testes? | Androgens (Mainly testosterone) |
| What is the major action of Androgens (Mainly testosterone) and where is it released from? | Affect development of male sex organs and secondary sex characteristics; aid in sperm production. Released by the testes. |
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