Question | Answer |
List the 6 characteristics which living things share. | Made of cells. Use energy. Respond to their environment. Grow and develop. Reproduce. Made of chemicals of life including proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and DNA |
What is the function of a cell membrane? | Barrier between the cell and the environment, and controls what enters and exits the cell |
What is the function of a cytoplasm? | Region or space between the cell membrane and the nucleus |
What is the function of a nucleus? | Cell part that controls the cell's functions |
What is the function of a mitochondria? | Where cellular respiration and energy production occurs |
What are the functions of ribosomes? | Produce proteins |
What is the function of an endoplasmic reticulum? | Holds ribosomes and helps make proteins |
What are the functions of Golgi bodies? | Packs proteins and ships them wherever they need to go |
What are the functions of chloroplasts? | Does photosynthesis in the plant cell |
What is the function of a cell wall? | Supports and surrounds the plant cell |
What is the function of a vacuole? | Stores water, nutrients, waste, and other materials |
What happens during interphase in the cell cycle? | Cells grow and DNA is copied |
What happens during prophase in the cell cycle? | DNA coils up into chromosomes and the nuclear membrane dissolves |
What happens during metaphase in the cell cycle? | Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell |
What happens during anaphase in the cell cycle? | Chromosomes split and begin to get pulled to opposite ends of the cell |
What happens during telophase in the cell cycle? | New nuclear membranes form around the DNA in each cell |
What happens during cytokinesis in the cell cycle? | Cytoplasm splits in two and a new cell membrane is formed |
Are most organisms on Earth unicellular or multicellular? | Unicellular |
What is cell differentiation? | The process in which cells throughout an organism develop differently to perform different functions |
What does unicellular mean? | Organisms that are made of only one cell |
What does multicellular mean? | Organisms that are made of multiple cells |
Give 3 examples of specialized cells and their functions. | Red blood cell-carries oxygen to all cells in your body
Muscle cell-contracts to allow you to move
Root cell-absorbs water from a plant's environment |
What is the role of DNA in cell differentiation? | In differentiated cells, some DNA is turned off, and only the active DNA guides the particular cell's development |
What are the 4 levels of organization in a multicellular organism, simplest to complex? | Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems |
Name 3 organ systems and describe their function. | Muscular system-allows you to move
Respiratory system-brings oxygen into you body and gets rid of carbon dioxide
Circulatory system-moves oxygen and nutrients around your body to each of your cells |
What are 2 reasons why it is beneficial to be a unicellular organism? | One, assexual reproduction is faster and requires less energy and two, you can rely on diffusion to move materials around the cell rather than spending energy |
What are 2 reasons why it is beneficial to be a multicellular organism? | One, sexual reproduction allows more genetic diversity and two, if injured, cell may be replaced, allowing tissues to heal |