Question | Answer |
the way in which we hold the body | Posture |
Keep the feet parallel, about four to eight inches apart, bend the knees slightly, hold head up with face forward | Standing Posture |
sitting the buttocks and upper thighs are the base of support | Sitting Posture |
the efficient use of the body | Body Mechanics |
an inactive patient should be changed positions how often | at least every two hours |
if proper alignment and positioning for their body isn't achieved such as | Contractures, pressure sores, and fluid in the lungs |
in this position the patient is lying on their back | Supine/Dorsal |
when in the supine position the pt should have the feet in what position to prevent foot drop | Dorsiflexion |
In this position the patient is lying on their back, extremities slightly flexed with feet flat on bed. | Dorsal Recumbent |
This position is when the pt is lying on their side | Lateral Oblique |
Position where the individual lies on their abdomen with a small pillow below the diaphragm and the head turned to one side | Prone position |
In this position the patient is in a position that is halfway between lateral and the prone position...also prevents aspiration of fluids | Sim's Position |
In this position the head of the bed is elevated, there are different levels in this position | Fowler's Position |
Head of the bed is elevated 60-90 degrees | High Fowlers |
head of the bed is elevated 30-60 degrees | Mid or Semi Fowlers |
head of the bed is elevated 15-30 degrees | Low Fowlers |
This is where the patients head, chest, arms, knees and lower legs have contact with the bed | Knee Chest (Genupectoral) Position |
The patient is in the sitting position and resting forward usually over the bedside table, facilitates maximum chest expansion | Orthopneic Position |
Is when the patient is lying on their back with their hips and knees flexed, thighs abducted and feet are placed in stirrups | Lithotomy Position |
when the patient’s head is placed lower than the body, feet/legs are elevated (NEVER use in pt with a head injury) | Trendelenburg Position |
These are devices that help preserve the ability to grasp and pick up objects | Hand Rolls |
This is a triangular piece of metal hung by a chair over the head of the bed | Trapeze bar |
can be used for a patient with paralysis on one side to help maintain proper alignment and position | Sandbags |
the force exerted against the surface and layers of skin as tissues slide in opposite but parallel directions | Shearing |
This kind of exercise is done alone by the patient | Active Exercise |
this kind of exercise is done with the assistance of another person | Passive Exercise |
exercises that refer to stationary exercises that tend to be performed against a resistive force | Isometric Exercise |
refers to having the patient sit on the edge of the bed | Dangling |
the observation of health rules and methods or means of preserving health | Hygiene |
During a sitz bath you must assess you patient frequently for what | Faintness/weakness (syncope), Dizziness (vertigo), pressure to the back of the legs, increase pulse, and chilling |
Venous stasis, increased cardiac workload, blood pressure alterations | effects of immobilization in cardiovascular system |
Stasis of secretions, decreased elastic recoil, decreased vital capacity | effects of immobilization in respiratory system |
Anorexia, metabolic change to catabolism and negative nitrogen balance, decreased peristalsis | effects of immobilization in GI tract |
Decreased muscle mass and muscle tension, shortening of muscle, loss of calcium from the bone matrix, decrease in bone weight | effects of immobilization in musculoskeletal system |
Stasis of urine, urinary tract infection, renal stones | effects of immobilization in urinary system |
Decreased circulation from pressure, ischemia, and necrosis of tissue | effects of immobilization in skin |
Decreased mental activity, decreased sensory input, decreased socialization, decreased independence | effects of immobilization in the brain |
increase fluid intake, adequate nutrition and increase fiber in diet to | prevent complications of immobilization |
Protect injured parts by immobilizing them | Splints |
A pulling force used to maintain body alignment, maintain fracture alignment, and relieve pain and muscle spasm | Traction |
Uses Velcro boots, belts, halters, and slings..applied snugly to the skin | Skin traction |
Requires surgical placement of pins, tongs, screws, or wires anchored to the bone | skeletal traction |
Used to immobilize an extremity following a fracture or orthopedic procedure | Cast |
Pins, screws, or tongs inserted through one or more bones to stabilize fragments during healing | External fixators |
Tiny silicone beads contained within the bed under a flexible, air-permeable filter sheet | Air-fluidized beds |
Achieved by distributing air through multiple cushions connected in a series | Low air loss bed |
Bed turns in an arc up to 80 degrees and can be set to pause on either side for up to 30 minutes | continual lateral rotation bed |
Can move in a 360-degree arc, allowing a change of position for the patient | circoelectric bed |
Foam and gel pads, Sheepskin pads, Heel and elbow protectors, Pulsating air pads, Water mattresses that lie on top of the regular mattress | Pressure relief devices |
A variation of the figure-of-8 bandage used to support the thumb in neutral position following a sprain or other injury | A thumb spica |
Holds extremity in an elevated position to avoid edema of the hand, pain and discomfort, and fatigue | Sling |
Frequently the first mechanical aid used when training an individual to walk following a loss of function | Walker |
May follow the use of a walker or be the first aid to ambulation | Crutches |
Used for patients who are not able to ambulate either independently or with aids | Wheelchairs |