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VNSG 1323 Exam 2
Chapters 18, 19, and 39
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the way in which we hold the body | Posture |
| Keep the feet parallel, about four to eight inches apart, bend the knees slightly, hold head up with face forward | Standing Posture |
| sitting the buttocks and upper thighs are the base of support | Sitting Posture |
| the efficient use of the body | Body Mechanics |
| an inactive patient should be changed positions how often | at least every two hours |
| if proper alignment and positioning for their body isn't achieved such as | Contractures, pressure sores, and fluid in the lungs |
| in this position the patient is lying on their back | Supine/Dorsal |
| when in the supine position the pt should have the feet in what position to prevent foot drop | Dorsiflexion |
| In this position the patient is lying on their back, extremities slightly flexed with feet flat on bed. | Dorsal Recumbent |
| This position is when the pt is lying on their side | Lateral Oblique |
| Position where the individual lies on their abdomen with a small pillow below the diaphragm and the head turned to one side | Prone position |
| In this position the patient is in a position that is halfway between lateral and the prone position...also prevents aspiration of fluids | Sim's Position |
| In this position the head of the bed is elevated, there are different levels in this position | Fowler's Position |
| Head of the bed is elevated 60-90 degrees | High Fowlers |
| head of the bed is elevated 30-60 degrees | Mid or Semi Fowlers |
| head of the bed is elevated 15-30 degrees | Low Fowlers |
| This is where the patients head, chest, arms, knees and lower legs have contact with the bed | Knee Chest (Genupectoral) Position |
| The patient is in the sitting position and resting forward usually over the bedside table, facilitates maximum chest expansion | Orthopneic Position |
| Is when the patient is lying on their back with their hips and knees flexed, thighs abducted and feet are placed in stirrups | Lithotomy Position |
| when the patient’s head is placed lower than the body, feet/legs are elevated (NEVER use in pt with a head injury) | Trendelenburg Position |
| These are devices that help preserve the ability to grasp and pick up objects | Hand Rolls |
| This is a triangular piece of metal hung by a chair over the head of the bed | Trapeze bar |
| can be used for a patient with paralysis on one side to help maintain proper alignment and position | Sandbags |
| the force exerted against the surface and layers of skin as tissues slide in opposite but parallel directions | Shearing |
| This kind of exercise is done alone by the patient | Active Exercise |
| this kind of exercise is done with the assistance of another person | Passive Exercise |
| exercises that refer to stationary exercises that tend to be performed against a resistive force | Isometric Exercise |
| refers to having the patient sit on the edge of the bed | Dangling |
| the observation of health rules and methods or means of preserving health | Hygiene |
| During a sitz bath you must assess you patient frequently for what | Faintness/weakness (syncope), Dizziness (vertigo), pressure to the back of the legs, increase pulse, and chilling |
| Venous stasis, increased cardiac workload, blood pressure alterations | effects of immobilization in cardiovascular system |
| Stasis of secretions, decreased elastic recoil, decreased vital capacity | effects of immobilization in respiratory system |
| Anorexia, metabolic change to catabolism and negative nitrogen balance, decreased peristalsis | effects of immobilization in GI tract |
| Decreased muscle mass and muscle tension, shortening of muscle, loss of calcium from the bone matrix, decrease in bone weight | effects of immobilization in musculoskeletal system |
| Stasis of urine, urinary tract infection, renal stones | effects of immobilization in urinary system |
| Decreased circulation from pressure, ischemia, and necrosis of tissue | effects of immobilization in skin |
| Decreased mental activity, decreased sensory input, decreased socialization, decreased independence | effects of immobilization in the brain |
| increase fluid intake, adequate nutrition and increase fiber in diet to | prevent complications of immobilization |
| Protect injured parts by immobilizing them | Splints |
| A pulling force used to maintain body alignment, maintain fracture alignment, and relieve pain and muscle spasm | Traction |
| Uses Velcro boots, belts, halters, and slings..applied snugly to the skin | Skin traction |
| Requires surgical placement of pins, tongs, screws, or wires anchored to the bone | skeletal traction |
| Used to immobilize an extremity following a fracture or orthopedic procedure | Cast |
| Pins, screws, or tongs inserted through one or more bones to stabilize fragments during healing | External fixators |
| Tiny silicone beads contained within the bed under a flexible, air-permeable filter sheet | Air-fluidized beds |
| Achieved by distributing air through multiple cushions connected in a series | Low air loss bed |
| Bed turns in an arc up to 80 degrees and can be set to pause on either side for up to 30 minutes | continual lateral rotation bed |
| Can move in a 360-degree arc, allowing a change of position for the patient | circoelectric bed |
| Foam and gel pads, Sheepskin pads, Heel and elbow protectors, Pulsating air pads, Water mattresses that lie on top of the regular mattress | Pressure relief devices |
| A variation of the figure-of-8 bandage used to support the thumb in neutral position following a sprain or other injury | A thumb spica |
| Holds extremity in an elevated position to avoid edema of the hand, pain and discomfort, and fatigue | Sling |
| Frequently the first mechanical aid used when training an individual to walk following a loss of function | Walker |
| May follow the use of a walker or be the first aid to ambulation | Crutches |
| Used for patients who are not able to ambulate either independently or with aids | Wheelchairs |
Created by:
nursekk
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