Question | Answer |
Biomechanics | study of mechanics as it relates to the functional and anatomical analysis of biological systems |
Statics | study of systems that are in constant motion, balanced |
Dynamics | study of systems in motion with acceleration, unbalanced |
kinematics | description of motion and includes consideration of time, displacment, velocity,acceleration and space factors of a systems motion |
kinetics | study of forces associated with the motion of a body |
Mechanical advantage | ideally using a relatively small force to move a much greater resistance |
Machines function in 4 ways | 1) balance multiple forces, 2) enhance force in an attempt to reduce total force needed to overcome a resistance, 3) enhance the range of motion and speed of movement 4)alter resulting direction of the applied force |
what are the 3 types of machines for producing movement in the musculoskeletel system | levers, pulleys, wheel-axles |
First class levers F(A)---R | produce speed and range of motion when axis is close to force |
First class levers F---(A)R | produce force when axis is close to resistance |
What is an example of a first class lever? | elbow extension in tricep |
Second class lever | produces force movements since a large resistance can be moved by a small force |
What is an example of a 2nd class lever? | plantar flexion in foot to raise body on toes |
3rd class lever | produce speed and range of motion movements and requires a large amount of force to move even a small resistance |
What is an example of a 3rd class lever? | biceps brachii in elbow flexion |
Torque | the turning effect of an eccentric force |
Eccentric force | force applied off center or in a direction not in line with the center of a rotation |
Wheels and axles | enhance range of motion and speed of movement in the musculoskeletal system |
Pulleys | function to change effective direction or force application |
what is an example of a pulley? | lateral malleolus on the peroneus longus |
What are the 2 types of motion? | linear and angular |
linear motion | motion along a line |
what are the 2 types of linear motion? | rectilinear and curvilinear |
linear displacement | distance that a system moves in a straight line |
Angular motion | rotation around an axis |
Displacement | distance that the object has been displaced from its original point of reference |
Distance | actual sum length of measurement traveled |
Speed | how fast an object moves in a specific amount of time |
Velocity | includes the direction and describes the rate of displacement |
Law of inertia | a body in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by force |
Law of Acceleration | Forces causes the body to change acceleration |
Acceleration | the rate of change in the body |
Ground reaction force | Force of the surface reacting to the force we place on it |
Friction | force that results from the resistance between two objects moving upon each other |
What are the 3 types of friction? | Static, rolling, kinetic |
Static friction | the amount of friction between 2 objects that have not yet moved |
Kinetic friction | the amount of friction between 2 objects that have moved |
Rolling friction | resistance to an object rolling across a surface |
Dynamic equilibrium | inertial forces acting on the moving body are in balance, movement has unchanging speed or direction |
Static equilibrium | body is completely motionless |