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Kinesiology
chapter 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Biomechanics | study of mechanics as it relates to the functional and anatomical analysis of biological systems |
| Statics | study of systems that are in constant motion, balanced |
| Dynamics | study of systems in motion with acceleration, unbalanced |
| kinematics | description of motion and includes consideration of time, displacment, velocity,acceleration and space factors of a systems motion |
| kinetics | study of forces associated with the motion of a body |
| Mechanical advantage | ideally using a relatively small force to move a much greater resistance |
| Machines function in 4 ways | 1) balance multiple forces, 2) enhance force in an attempt to reduce total force needed to overcome a resistance, 3) enhance the range of motion and speed of movement 4)alter resulting direction of the applied force |
| what are the 3 types of machines for producing movement in the musculoskeletel system | levers, pulleys, wheel-axles |
| First class levers F(A)---R | produce speed and range of motion when axis is close to force |
| First class levers F---(A)R | produce force when axis is close to resistance |
| What is an example of a first class lever? | elbow extension in tricep |
| Second class lever | produces force movements since a large resistance can be moved by a small force |
| What is an example of a 2nd class lever? | plantar flexion in foot to raise body on toes |
| 3rd class lever | produce speed and range of motion movements and requires a large amount of force to move even a small resistance |
| What is an example of a 3rd class lever? | biceps brachii in elbow flexion |
| Torque | the turning effect of an eccentric force |
| Eccentric force | force applied off center or in a direction not in line with the center of a rotation |
| Wheels and axles | enhance range of motion and speed of movement in the musculoskeletal system |
| Pulleys | function to change effective direction or force application |
| what is an example of a pulley? | lateral malleolus on the peroneus longus |
| What are the 2 types of motion? | linear and angular |
| linear motion | motion along a line |
| what are the 2 types of linear motion? | rectilinear and curvilinear |
| linear displacement | distance that a system moves in a straight line |
| Angular motion | rotation around an axis |
| Displacement | distance that the object has been displaced from its original point of reference |
| Distance | actual sum length of measurement traveled |
| Speed | how fast an object moves in a specific amount of time |
| Velocity | includes the direction and describes the rate of displacement |
| Law of inertia | a body in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by force |
| Law of Acceleration | Forces causes the body to change acceleration |
| Acceleration | the rate of change in the body |
| Ground reaction force | Force of the surface reacting to the force we place on it |
| Friction | force that results from the resistance between two objects moving upon each other |
| What are the 3 types of friction? | Static, rolling, kinetic |
| Static friction | the amount of friction between 2 objects that have not yet moved |
| Kinetic friction | the amount of friction between 2 objects that have moved |
| Rolling friction | resistance to an object rolling across a surface |
| Dynamic equilibrium | inertial forces acting on the moving body are in balance, movement has unchanging speed or direction |
| Static equilibrium | body is completely motionless |
Created by:
ashley1723
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